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This paper explores anew the theological questions and perspectives on religious experience that informed and emerged out of the work of the History of Religions School. While the School’s legacy for historical study of religions in a comparative mode is generally acknowledged (especially in the field of biblical studies), the theological orientation of the School is often regarded with more ambivalence. For scholars such as Ernst Troeltsch, however, the methods of an historical approach to the study of Christianity opened new pathways for thinking about the nature of faith that might resonate with “ordinary devout people,” as he wrote in his book on The Absoluteness of Christianity and the History of Religion. Troeltsch and other figures such as Rudolf Otto sketched models of religious experience that bear re-examination in relation to methodological trends in the field today.