Defining orthodoxy: dissent, development, delineation, and disobedience in a twenty-first century communion

This paper explores the theological conflicts surrounding Anglicanism, particularly focusing on the debates over gender and sexuality, which have caused significant division both within the Anglican Communion and in its ecumenical relations. It addresses the nature of intra-denominational disagreements, examining the implications of differing understandings of unity, orthodoxy, and doctrine. The paper analyzes the role of Anglican formularies and the Lambeth Quadrilateral in shaping contemporary theological identity and ecclesiology, particularly in light of the ongoing disputes. Additionally, it considers the work of the Church of England and the wider Communion in developing doctrine, with particular attention to sociocultural factors influencing these theological discussions. The paper also reflects on the legacy of the Council of Nicaea and its historical reception, proposing that its insights may offer a way forward in navigating these contentious issues and fostering both intra- and inter-church dialogue.