How Theologians in a Synodal Church Can Aid Bishops in Developing Nuanced Anthropologies Through Interdisciplinary Engagement on Sex, Gender, and Sexuality

Theologians in a synodal church are called to engage in interdisciplinary dialogue, which was signaled by the Second Vatican Council. This paper explores how theologians can engage with the field of biology to provide the church with a more nuanced theological anthropology on sex, gender, and sexuality. The essay examines Pope Francis’ call for interdisciplinary scholarship, as emphasized in his 2023 apostolic letter to the Pontifical Academy of Theology. Then, this piece critically engages the 2019 Vatican document on gender theory, highlighting its reliance on biology to support theological claims while not actually incorporating biological research. By addressing intersex conditions, gender identity, and sexuality through both theological and scientific lenses, the essay argues that a more informed interdisciplinary approach is essential for theological anthropology. Such engagement not only deepens the church’s understanding of human identity but also strengthens its dialogue with contemporary society.