Attached Paper In-person November Annual Meeting 2025

When Is a Lion More Than a Lion? Animal Imagery and Power in the Huqoq Synagogue

Description for Program Unit Review (maximum 1000 words)

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Abstract for Online Program Book (maximum 150 words)

From wild creatures to beasts of burden, the mosaic pavement in the synagogue at Huqoq (c. 400CE) in eastern Lower Galilee is teeming with animal life. In their complex and varied use of animals in narrative and non-narrative scenes, the Huqoq mosaics continue to challenge conventional scholarly assumptions concerning the limited range of imagery used in synagogue mosaics. At the same time, the incorporation of animals in heraldic compositions in the nave of the Huqoq synagogue participates in an iconographic tradition that is familiar from other synagogue mosaics in Galilee. The heraldic imagery in the Huqoq synagogue employs iconography associated with imperial commemoration in unusual visual formulations that complicate our understanding of animal and human relationships. This paper explores the presentation of animals within these heraldic compositions as potent symbols of power which amplify the emphasis on the heroic within the mosaic pavement as a whole.