The rise of Hindu nationalism within the Indian political system has reshaped relations between the state and religious minorities, affecting even the Christian-majority state of Nagaland. Although constitutionally part of the Indian republic, political life in Nagaland remains deeply structured by Indigenous village councils whose decisions often guide communal and electoral participation. As a result, voting frequently follows collective resolutions rather than individual choice, challenging liberal democratic assumptions about autonomy, conscience, and rights-based citizenship.
Drawing on the social conflict approach of Elisabeth Schüssler Fiorenza, this paper analyzes how religious authority, customary governance, and party politics intersect to shape democratic representation. These overlapping structures influence who speaks and who participates, sometimes limiting individual political voice—especially for women and younger citizens. The study argues that the issue is not a simple conflict between tradition and democracy, but a deeper struggle over authority and accountability, calling for ethical renewal through inclusive and transparent public engagement.