This paper examines an unlikely alliance between a Pentecostal megachurch and an ecofeminist movement within a 2025 environmental conflict in El Salvador. Salvadoran sociologist Rafael Cartagena’s concept of socio-ambientalismo, defined as the convergence of distributive and ecological critiques, is expanded to incorporate the agency of the land in fostering this solidarity. Utilizing Actor-Network Theory, the study challenges the understanding of the social as a purely human domain by positioning more-than-human entities as actants rather than passive backdrops.
In this framework, material elements also shape the relations, mobilizations, and alliances that define the conflict. Such unlikely alliances reimagine the conceptual scope of the ecological community and planetary consciousness proposed by ecofeminist theologian Rosemary Radford Ruether. Rather than relying on a shared progressive ideology, this paper demonstrates that within this instance of environmental resistance, ideologically distant groups can participate in productive solidarity through the agency of the land.