The Eucharist: Liturgy of the Eastern Churches and Their Theological Implication

This paper examines key theological and liturgical distinctions between Eastern Orthodox, Oriental Orthodox, and Western Christian traditions concerning the Eucharist, particularly the use of leavened versus unleavened bread and the role of the Holy Spirit in the transformation of the elements. The Western tradition, influenced by Augustinian theology and the doctrine of Original Sin, emphasizes Christ’s crucifixion and atoning sacrifice, reflected in the use of unleavened bread. In contrast, the Eastern Churches prioritize Christ’s resurrection and the process of theosis, symbolized by leavened bread. Additionally, while Western Churches define the moment of consecration at the words of institution, Eastern traditions emphasize the entire Eucharistic liturgy, culminating in the epiclesis. These differences may stem from varying interpretations of the Last Supper in the Synoptic and Johannine narratives. Understanding these variations highlights deeper theological divergences and contributes to a more nuanced appreciation of Eucharistic theology across Christian traditions.