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Online Program Book

The AAR's inaugural Online June Sessions of the Annual Meetings will be held on June 25, 26, and 27, 2024. The online meeting will be held within the EventPilot mobile app, with Zoom integration. More information on that soon!

This is the most up-to-date schedule for the 2024 online June sessions of the AAR Annual Meetings. If you have questions about the program, contact annualmeeting@aarweb.org. All times are listed in Eastern Time.

AO25-501

Tuesday, 6:00 PM - 7:15 PM (June Online Meeting)

Online June Session

In an era marked by growing concerns over gender-based violence and the quest for nonviolent resistance, the interplay between religion, gender, and activism offers a complex and rich field of study. This session aims to unravel the nuanced ways in which religious traditions, gender identities, and acts of resistance intersect, focusing on the margins of society where these dynamics are most pronounced. Our discussion traverses various geographical and cultural landscapes to uncover the lived realities and theological challenges faced by women and gender-nonconforming people in their fight against structural violence and in their pursuit of peace and justice. The session also aims to foster a critical dialogue on new approaches to resistance, the role of religion in activism, and the ways in which precarity shapes the experiences of those living at the intersections of gender, sexuality, and religious identities.

  • Abstract

    This paper aims to critically engage with the narrative surrounding the tragic killing of Sr. Valsa John Malamel, a Thomas Christian nun, as explored in the 2013 Wall Street Journal (WSJ) publication *Crimes against Women.* This narrative dissects the brutal killing of Sr. Valsa John Malamel, a Thomas Christian nun, in Pachhwara village, Jharkhand, India, on November 15, 2011. The paper undertakes three objectives: introducing the incident, reviewing the decolonial discourse on “religious conversion,” and re-evaluating the event, focusing on illegal mining and the nun’s leadership against it. Emphasizing Sr. Valsa John's Thomas Christian identity, rooted in pre-colonial Eastern Christian heritage, challenges narratives conflating Christianity with colonialism. This study exposes the flaws in decolonial methods targeting Indian Christians as remnants of colonialism, advocating for an Eastern perspective and a focus on gender in the study of Christianity to decolonize misguided approaches.

  • Abstract

    During the mid-20th century, Methodism underwent a transformative period as women challenged traditional roles within the church. Jeanne Audrey Powers emerged as a pioneering figure, advocating for women's equality and redefining boundaries as a clergywoman. Powers spearheaded strategies and programs to address systemic injustices and promote women's leadership through multiple venues of the denomination. Through gendered initiatives, Powers empowered women and fostered greater representation. Her advocacy extended beyond gender equality, as she publicly identified as a lesbian clergywoman in 1995, challenging discrimination against sexuality fashioned out of theological fundamentalism and igniting a new wave of advocacy toward changing denominational polity around human sexuality. Powers's leadership reshaped Methodism, paving the way for historic milestones and advancing inclusivity within the church.

  • Abstract

    Creationist and complementarian positions assert that God’s vision of humanity has two distinct forms of personhood: male and female. Within this binary model, male and female may be created, but they are not necessarily created equal. However, the impact of such constructions of gender on identities which do not fit within the ’biological’ categories of male and female has received considerably less attention. How, then, do such theologies respond to identities which resist or transgress these dualistic boundaries?

    Examining the dramatic rise in anti-trans legislation in the United States, this paper considers how theological applications of gender, language, and scripture can be shown to underpin political and social ideologies which relegate trans*persons, particularly trans*women, into positions of precarity. Considering the trans*misogyny evident in the positioning of trans*women as dangerous, deviant, and amoral, this paper explores how theological language might operate in creating and perpetuating gender-based violence.

  • Abstract

    This paper explores theological education as a methodological approach and academic discipline within practical theology, emphasizing its role in understanding and catalyzing transformation lived experiences and faith. Drawing from practical theology focuses on reflexive praxis, the research focuses on the teaching-learning environment of a theological school in Madagascar, contextualized within socio-political complexities. Employing critical qualitative research methodologies, practical feminist theology, and liberative transformative paradigms, the study assesses religious education’s alignment with a vision of justice and the efficacy of its practices. The paper advocates integrating theological inquiry with social scientific research methods, promoting dialogue, critical listening, and collective action toward justice within the theological school community. By bridging theory and practice in religious education, this research aims to foster positive societal change, with implications extending beyond geographical boundaries to address cultural and structural violence and advance justice globally.

AO26-102

Wednesday, 11:00 AM - 12:15 PM (June Online Meeting)

Online June Session

The emergence of Buddhist museums was first brought to Western scholarly attention by the anthropologist Louis Gabaude who reported on a “new phenomenon in Thai monasteries: The Stūpa-Museum” (2003). Since then, scholars such as Yui Suzuki (2007), Justin McDaniel (2017), Pamela Winfield (2021), and Aik Sai Goh (2022) have found the phenomenon of Buddhist museums productive to think with.

This session will examine past and present manifestations of Buddhist museums broadly defined. They may be archaeological museums, museumified temples, memorial museums, open-air museological theme parks, arts museums, art galleries, museums inside temples, temples inside museums, hybrid stūpa-museums, or temple-museums. What do these tell us about secularity and sacredness in cultural spaces such as museums? Why did governments, organizations, or individuals establish Buddhist museums? What regional differences may account for the different types of Buddhist museums?

  • Abstract

    The paper argues that museums acting as institutions of power and social authority, contribute to narrative building and ‘reception history’ of religions. In examining the representation of Buddhism at the Met Museum, the soon-to-be-demolished National Museum in Delhi, and the state Museum of Mathura, I argue that museums influence the formation of Art History Canons, and with the example of the ‘revived’ Neo-Buddhism in India, I will also show how they play a significant role in the development of the ‘histories of Buddhisms.’ My framework of analysis is built on four factors which I call the ‘4 Cs’– Collection, Capital, Curation and Crowd, that contribute to the kind and/or form ‘Buddhism’ comes to acquire in each of the three types of museums in my study, namely, universal survey museums, national museums and site-museums. I also argue that each of the three types has a specific combination of the four factors.

  • Abstract

    On March 27, 2019, a group of Hong Kong’s elites including Li Ka-shing (1928–), the richest man in Hong Kong, and Carrie Lam (1957–), the then Chief Executive of the Hong Kong SAR gathered at a monastery located in rural Tai Po. The occasion was the grand opening of the Tsz Shan Monastery comprising a colossal Guanyin statue and museum built by funds from the Li Ka-shing Foundation. This paper examines the sociopolitical conditions leading to its establishment and the motivations of its founder. I argue that although the place was ostensibly set up as therapy for stressed residents in post-handover Hong Kong, it is also a case of the “theodicy of privilege” whereby the super-rich engages in philanthropy to sanctify their status amidst rising social inequality. This is facilitated by tapping into museum culture to attract sophisticated audiences and kalligenesis culture through the display of Buddhist spiritual exemplars.

  • Abstract

    The Kōyasan Reihōkan Museum, founded in 1921, represents an early example of what have been termed ‘temple museums’ in modern Japan. Such institutions, broadly understood as museum-like facilities operated on temple grounds, undermine views of ‘museum’ and ‘temple’ spaces as antithetical and immutable types—views grounded in long-held notions of a sacred-secular binary. This paper—examining 1) the ‘material ecosystem,’ including architecture, which frames the display spaces of the Kōyasan Reihōkan, and 2) the ritualized performances carried out within the Reihōkan’s premises—seeks to illustrate the processes and possibilities of museological practices within Japanese Buddhist temple spaces. This analysis builds off prior Japanese and English-language scholarship as well as fieldwork conducted at the Reihōkan while remaining grounded in archival materials, including diaries of persons integral to the foundation of the Reihōkan, accounts of the display space by early visitors, architectural diagrams, and other sources such as photographs, poetry, and postcards.

  • Abstract

    This paper analyses how Taiwanese Buddhist museums curate and display the sacredness of religious artefacts, using material assemblages as vehicles for doctrinal transmission. Museums serve as platforms through which Buddhist organizations educate laypeople about their values and practices. This paper scrutinizes how these museums construct a hyperreal (Eco 1986) depiction of sacred space, imbuing artefacts and other museum mediums with a sacred aura. Unlike conventional cycles of sacralization and ritual production, the hyperreality fostered by Buddhist museums serves ideological purposes, transcending mere religious objects on display. It examines the nuanced emotional, experiential, and socio-political dynamics unfolding during visits to these institutions. This paper is based on ethnographic research conducted at two Buddhist museums in Taiwan, namely the Museum of World Religions and Fo Guang Shan Buddha Museum, alongside a comparative analysis of an exhibition at the Ciyougong temple in the district of Xinzhuang.

AO26-106

Wednesday, 11:00 AM - 12:15 PM (June Online Meeting)

Online June Session

Foucault’s notion of ‘regimes of truth’ sustains and transforms the analytic framework to approach his classic question of the relation between power and knowledge. The papers in this panel take up this crucial framing and its use for studies in religion, through direct engagements with the trajectory of his work as evinced by the BnF archive, contemporary analyses of political theology and the pressures/elaborations it gives to MF’s lenses, thematic journeys through the methodological and historical shifts of Foucault's project through the figure - of the devil - and reflections on the ‘political history of truth’ through the figure of a martyr.

  • Abstract

    This paper treats passages of the martyrdom account of Perpetua in conversation with the late work of Michel Foucault, in particular the History of Sexuality volume 4:Confessions of the Flesh and the lectures at the College de France (1978 - 2084). The reading parses mechanics of truth-telling and modes of subject formation in the account through its attentions to the practices of truth-telling demonstrated by Perpetua and the rhetorical elements of the martyrdom account itself. In addition, the reading raises a tension in using the Foucauldian frameworks to read the martyrdom account. By driving towards these sites of tension, the discussion aims to address what Foucault's late work can contribute to the study of early Christian martyrdom accounts and what early Christian martyrdom accounts can contribute to the study of Foucault. 

  • Abstract

    Michel Foucault never focuses too directly—not theologically, not even genealogically—on anything circumscribing “Satan,” but, as a figure, the Devil is a lurking and constructive presence in various aspects of his theoretical work.  Foucault’s scholastic dealings with the Devil begin conceptually with the historical transition from witchcraft and the persecution of witches to the birth of “medical knowledge” through the medicalization of possession; they somehow culminate a dozen or so centuries earlier as Foucault remarks on a separate evolution: that which relates baptism in the second century with confession by the fifth.  In some ways, “the Devil” is an empty signifier for Foucault, but one that traverses the necessary space to get him where he needs to go.  Ultimately, the Devil serves as a subtle, discursive mark in a Foucauldian matrix that interweaves techniques of power, regimes of truth, forms of knowledge, and technologies of the self. 

  • Abstract

    In this paper, I argue for reading Foucault’s notion of political spirituality through the lens of Ali Shariati’s re-interpretation of (Shi’a) Islam. Considering Foucault’s engagement with Iranian (Shi’a) Islam—mostly through Corbin and Shariati—prior to his travels to revolutionary Iran, bringing Shariati into conversation with Foucault contributes to a more nuanced understanding of political spirituality. To make this conversation possible, I review key aspects of Shariati’s critical theory, present his complex conception of religion (for which he often uses the term irfān), and briefly introduce his re-depictions of prominent Islamic figures from a political perspective. Then, I read Foucault’s key arguments in his 1977–1978 lectures (Security, Territory, Population) at the College de France in conjunction with Shariati’s radical criticisms of institutionalized religion and what he articulates as “religion versus religion”.

  • Abstract

    Foucault's archives are vast; yet the largest collections are situated in Paris at the Bibliothèque nationale de France (BnF). Since 2019, I have been working through Foucault's archived drafts, reading notes, and correspondances, in order to tell the story of his last decade. Part of that story is the central role that Christianity places in his History of Sexuality series and the developing genealogy of modern subjectivity.

    In this talk, I'll give a breakdown of (1) what we find in the six different parts of the massive BnF archives and (2) how we can start to make sense of the role of "religion" (typically isomorophic with Christianity, lamentably). One of the few people to consult all six parts (NAF 28730, 28284, 28803, 28804, 29005, and 29070) of the archives, I want to share how the disciplinary strategies in religious studies are particularly necessary for analyzing Foucault's historiographical and conceptual moves. 

AO26-103

Wednesday, 11:00 AM - 12:15 PM (June Online Meeting)

Online June Session

For 30 years, underground Christian music has been generated primarily around and through bands signed to Tooth & Nail Records, a label independent of the Contemporary Christian Music (CCM) industry. This panel reflects on the legacy of Tooth & Nail records in the year of its 30th anniversary, analyzing and interrogating the ways the identities of “Christian” and “punk” were and are narrated and performed by bands and fans associated with the scene, primarily through the concepts of authenticity, shame, and marginality.

  • Abstract

    This paper analyzes the intertwinement of authenticity and the concepts of shame and shamelessness as these have been implemented in evangelical Christian punk identity formation. First, the dual rejection and shaming by both secular punks and conservative or “mainstream” Christians is embraced shamelessly as a marker of authenticity since, for many members of this music scene, living counter to any “majority” way of thinking is precisely where Christianity and the punk ethos meet. Second, the shame of sin was a primary thematic in Christian punk lyrics that paired with and reinforced this first mode. Christian punks narrated traditional evangelicalism as legalistic, stoic, and adverse to addressing “real” issues because they feared the consequence of shame associated with sin and often compared the “rules” of the punk community as they understood it to this kind of traditionalism.

  • Abstract

    In their first few years of existence, the Bremerton, WA punk band MxPx shared the stage with CCM artists such as Audio Adrenaline and DC Talk, but by the late 90s were playing the mainstage on the Vans Warped Tour and opening for hardcore punk band Bad Religion on their national tour. This paper examines the band’s departure to A&M Records in 1998, their increased visibility within the secular punk scene, and the concerns this raised among evangelical leaders and parents in order to trace the ways the boundaries of evangelical subcultures are policed through bookstores, the Christian music industry, and educational materials.

  • Abstract

    This paper argues that the categories of authenticity and marginality employed in subcultural music genres such as metal and punk created the space for members of Christian bands identified with those genres to narrate the concept of “authentic Christianity” differently than artists associated with CCM. Using the example of Christian metalcore band Underoath, the paper argues that the cultural marginality of alternative music genres opened the possibility to embrace histories, values, and communities outside of evangelical Christianity. 

  • Abstract

    This paper analyzes the ways that these negotiations between evangelical and secular space have been exacerbated and trasnsmorgified in the convert-heavy spaces of U.S. Eastern Orthodox Christianity. The Tooth & Nail band Luxury has three members who serve as Orthodox priests, one of whom created discourse around sexual and gender ambiguities in his stage presence, opening space for an analysis of the ways Orthodoxy in the U.S. negotiates sexuality and gender particularly as debates around gender and sexuality tend to “travel” from with evangelicals as they convert to Eastern Orthodoxy.

AO26-104

Wednesday, 11:00 AM - 12:15 PM (June Online Meeting)

Online June Session

Women in Religion, a Wikipedia user group, was launched at the Parliament of the World's Religions in 2018. It seeks to create and improve Wikipedia articles pertaining to the lives of cis and transgender women scholars, activists, and practitioners in the world's religious traditions. The group aims to write women back into history, especially those who have made an impact in their communities. This roundtable explores the role of Wikipedia in publicly engaged scholarship and education. It shares the challenges of launching a scholarly, peer reviewed book series for biographies of women in religion. It tackles the difficulties of fostering cross-cultural partnerships with participants from around the world. And it discusses the role of new technologies, including AI, in knowledge production. The roundtable of publicly engaged scholars (including faculty, librarians, archivists, and members of the general public) shares the work of addressing systemic bias in information about women in religion.

AO26-105

Wednesday, 11:00 AM - 12:15 PM (June Online Meeting)

Online June Session

In From Inclusion to Justice: Disability, Ministry, and Congregational Leadership (Baylor University Press 2022), Erin Raffety identifies how ableism persists in the theologies and practices of churches in America. To overcome this obstacle, she argues, there must be a paradigm shift from ministries of mere inclusion to more robust ministries of justice. Raffety points the way toward this shift by drawing on ethnographic research, pastoral and teaching experience, and her relationship with her disabled child. This panel seeks to praise Raffety's contribution to Christian thought and practice, while also offering constructive critique. Panelists approach the book from the perspectives of practical theology, biblical studies, and disability theology.

AO26-200

Wednesday, 12:30 PM - 1:45 PM (June Online Meeting)

Online June Session

How might theodicies serve to mask and marginalize structural violence? (either tacitly or explicitly) “Theodicy” here works as a category for arguments that defend religious or metaphysical claims from contradictions based on events of the actual world. We have selected proposals that articulate a theodicy, and then critically analyze how it functions to justify structural conditions such as inequalities, civil violence, xenophobia, political structures, or disparities of health, education, etc. Proposals may work with typical sources (e.g. texts, scriptures) or less-conventional sources (e.g. oral traditions, social media, laws, etc.). We wish to host a conversation that is typically on the margins of discourses in our field. This June, online session is created to have more voices contribute to this topic.

  • Abstract

    This paper explores to what extent “theodices” (broadly construed) not only can be read, but also actually served, primarily as legitimations of empires and other political powers and socio-economic orders, not as justifications of gods and other superhuman agents and cosmic forces. For the sake of this preliminary analysis, I draw on the twelfth-century (Neo)Confucian Zhu Xi, the eighth-ninth-century Advaita Vedantan Adi Shankara, and the fourth-fifth-century Christian Augustine of Hippo. Time permitting, attention will also be given to the contemporary theodicists of “Christian philosophy.”

  • Abstract

    Metaphysical Naturalism is actually a type of theodicy in that it seeks to justify and attribute meaning to evil and suffering. In so doing, it provides cover for a range of forms of oppressive actions and behaviors. This presentation proposes an alternative approach employing resources from American Pragmatism that both takes suffering seriously and articulate a metaphysical framework for transformative actions against evil and suffering.    

  • Abstract

    This essay examines lucrative “climate-change adaptation strategies” put forward by development NGOs in southwestern Bangladesh coastal farmlands for the purposes of reframing contemporary Anthropocene discourse as a theodicy that legitimates on-going practices of capitalist exploitation. Recognition that humans have a major suite of impacts on the natural environment has a much-longer history than the word “Anthropocene.” Contemporary Anthropocene discourse, however, hyper-charges this recognition of human activity in-general while perpetuating a false universalism that erases histories of racism, colonialism, and classism. In Bangladesh, a place particularly vulnerable to climate change, Anthropocene discourse “not only obfuscates longer histories of dispossession, it also justifies political economies of ecological devastation. In this way, the concept of the Anthropocene functions apologetically as a theodicy for a pervasive logic of capitalist development that justifies extraction and ecological damage in the name of an abstracted economic growth.

AO26-201

Wednesday, 12:30 PM - 1:45 PM (June Online Meeting)

Online June Session

Courses on religion and health have become more popular with the rise of health humanities and applied religious studies as well as efforts to enroll health science undergraduates in our courses. In this online session, we will learn from four teacher-scholars based on their experiences teaching about religions, medicines, and healing. The first presenter analyzes challenges and obstacles involved in establishing community partnerships with curanderos, botánicos, and traditional healers and integrating traditional healing modalities into a medical humanities curriculum at a Hispanic Serving Institution. The second examines efforts to develop interreligious literacy skills among undergraduate Nursing students. Inspired by African American spiritual care practitioners, the third presenter constructs a genealogical pedagogical methodology for students to trace their lineages of spiritual care to and beyond white American Protestantism. Our final presenter discusses the challenges and possibilities of integrating world religion and global health into a first-year writing seminar.

  • Abstract

    This paper provides a first-hand analysis of the challenges and obstacles involved in establishing community partnerships with curanderos, botánicos, and traditional healers and integrating traditional healing modalities into a medical humanities curriculum at a Hispanic Serving Institution. Religion scholar Ellen Idler has been particularly adamant about the benefits of integrating the study of religion into health education and advocated for a more comprehensive and dynamic understanding of the religious and historical dimensions of health systems. More specifically, Idler argues that religion should be recognized as a social determinant of health, since religious beliefs, practices, and institutional structures significantly influence health decisions and behaviors. In this paper, I explain how I was able to effectively draw upon Idler's framework and develop an experiential learning course for pre-med and nursing students that enabled them to gain first-hand exposure of Hispanic communities’ diverse religious cultures and health practices.

  • Abstract

    This presentation examines the need for interreligious literacy for health care professionals, given the desire on the part of patients to discuss such matters with their healthcare providers, and presents the development of a course for undergraduate Nursing students to develop skills to engage in that discussion.

    In a course that focuses on the Abrahamic religious traditions and that engages the intersection of religion identity with gender, ethnicity, etc., attention is also given to the importance of developing health care providers who care for the whole person. Through guest speakers, case studies, and role playing, students are encouraged to learn about the complex personal experiences and needs that future patients will bring, in the hope that the students may begin to become comfortable raising questions and engaging in conversations that will allow them to serve the needs of their patients and will encourage them to care for their own needs.

  • Abstract

    Teaching the history of spiritual care in the United States is a genealogical journey into white American Protestantism. This assumption of a shared lineage contributes to increasing calls for standardization in teaching methods and curricula for chaplaincy and clinical spiritual care. This assumption also hinders a liberative healing call for those outside of white America to embrace their collective memory and return to ancestral healing methodologies (Page and Woodland, 2023; Riley, 2023; Riley, 2024). This paper constructs a genealogical pedagogical methodology for spiritual care students to trace their lineages of spiritual care to and beyond white American Protestantism. This methodology, inspired by African American spiritual care practitioners inside African Diasporic Traditions, engages storytelling of rootedness inside traditions of practice; explores religious-ancestrally derived artifacts and technologies used in contemporary care practices; and investigates archives retaining relgious-ancestral insight.

  • Abstract

    It can be difficult to enroll health sciences students in courses on religion, health, and medicine. Often this is accomplished by offering to meet general education requirements. Seeking to expand this engagement I am designing a first-year writing seminar around the theme “world religions and global health.” At Boston University all first-year students are required to take a two-semester seminar sequence through the writing program. Health sciences students may be particularly interested in a seminar on global health. A challenge is that the seminar must balance the topical material and discussion with writing instruction and practice. To address this students write memos to a fictional global health practitioner about the religious background of a community being engaged in a health promotion intervention. Doing so students gain practice writing in a new genre and must contextualize how the tradition shapes world views and health seeking behaviors.

AO26-203

Wednesday, 12:30 PM - 1:45 PM (June Online Meeting)

Online June Session

This roundtable session gathers scholars of religion to discuss Rebecca Epstein-Levi's new work: When We Collide, which reassess the significance for Jewish Ethics in conversation with rabbinic texts and feminist and queer theory. Our four panelist will approach this work from a variety of disciplinary and religious backgrounds, highlighting themes and questions raised by the text. The author will then respond to these readings.

AO26-202

Wednesday, 12:30 PM - 1:45 PM (June Online Meeting)

Online June Session

This panel explores how the Yogācāra articulations of knowledge and practice entail various versions of non-duality. Bringing together three papers that investigte Yogācāra thought in Indo-Tibetan and East Asian Buddhism, this panel intends to start a conversation on the interplay between Buddhist doctrines and practices. 

  • Abstract

    Dharmakīrti’s Sambandhaparīkṣā [SP] (Analysis of Relation) and its principal vṛtti (Sambandhaparīkṣavṛtti) are not considered ‘Yogācāra’ texts. However, subsequent Yogācāra thinkers like Śaṅkaranandana interpreted the relational eliminativism of the SP to chiefly entail that cognition is devoid of subject-object duality, and hence ultimately implies a mind-only doctrine. This paper argues that, although the SP does not explicitly endorse any Yogācāra ideas,  Śaṅkaranandana’s commentary identifies important conceptual roots of Dharmakīrti’s rhetorical ‘slide’ from external realism to epistemic idealism. Namely, Dharmakīrti believes that the reality of both causal and conceptual relations is similarly vitiated due to the inherent incapacity of particular moments to instantiate any dyadic forms of necessary dependence. In this way, Dharmakīrti treats existential and semantic relations according to a univocal conception of ‘internal relatedness’—a potentially major error for later Hindu realists.

  • Abstract

    This paper examines Kuiji's (632–682) reinterpretation of Amitabha Buddha within Yogācāra Buddhism, exploring its implications for Pure Land thought. Kuiji, a seminal figure in the Faxiang School, diverges from traditional views by conceptualizing Amitabha as sambhogakāya, accessible only through advanced meditative states. Utilizing a comparative textual analysis of Kuiji's "Forest of Meaning of the Three Bodies" and relevant Yogācāra and Pure Land texts, this study contrasts Kuiji's approach with mainstream Pure Land interpretations, particularly regarding the manifestation and accessibility of Amitabha Buddha. The paper aims to assess how Kuiji's unique perspective enriches understanding of Yogācāra and Pure Land traditions, offering a fresh lens on Mahāyāna Buddhist soteriology and cosmology. By bridging doctrinal gaps and challenging conventional narratives, this research contributes to broader discussions in contemporary Buddhist studies, highlighting Kuiji's role in shaping the philosophical landscape of East Asian Buddhism.

  • Abstract

    This paper aims to present an analysis of the concepts of bimba and pratibimba – central to the philosophical system of Yogâcāra Buddhism – as understood by Ryōhen (1194-1252), a monk of the Japanese Hossō tradition known for his reformatory tendencies. My research is centered around two volumes by the aforementioned author, the Hossō nikan shō and the Kanjin kakumu shō, and aims to answer the following questions:

    • How does Ryōhen’s explanation of bimba and pratibimba differ from those offered by other Yogâcāra scholars, if at all?
    • Is his commentary of this complex topic aimed at a less advanced student of the doctrine, as is the case with many other concepts he explains in his works?
    • Does he draw on the influence of other Buddhist schools of thought in his understanding of bimba and pratibimba?

AO26-300

Wednesday, 2:00 PM - 3:15 PM (June Online Meeting)

Online June Session

This session invites all interested in Transhumanism and Human Enhancement, newcomers and established researchers alike, to join an online conversation hosted by the unit steering committee. We will be discussing access to research and sharing our best and favorite resources. We aim to connect scholars of all levels of experience from across the world, and to make space for the curious about or new to the field. Unit members will provide some of their favorite resources on teaching transhumanism for the classroom, and in congregational settings. Additionally, unit members will share the research practices that inform their work, and the research and professional associations that connect and support them. We aim to bring the audience fully into the conversation, expanding the online round table as widely as possible into a lively forum on supporting and encouraging current and future directions for research in human enhancement.

AO26-301

Wednesday, 2:00 PM - 3:15 PM (June Online Meeting)

Online June Session

As we study religion what axioms concerning the nature of reality do we employ? When we define religion and explore religious topics what axioms concerning ultimate reality do we employ? What are our “metaphysics” or our assumptions about ultimate reality determine our analyses and conclusions about religion and all that it encompasses. Caner K. Dagli’s Metaphysical Institutions: Islam and the Modern Project explores the underlying philosophy and nature of religions, cultures, civilizations, and traditions. The work centers on this philosophical question and takes Islam and modernism as case studies. This roundtable discussion engages this question from various angles: by scholars of Islam who altogether explore the underlying philosophical constructs of the category of religion in both religious and specifically academic expositions concerning religion.

AO26-302

Wednesday, 2:00 PM - 3:15 PM (June Online Meeting)

Online June Session

Featuring cutting edge scholarship this panel examines how conversion shapes individual and community identity in complex, often surprising ways.  Our first paper advances scholarship on the fraught nature of religious conversion under slavery in colonial Americas by examining representations of the conversion of Rose Binney Salter (1771), who was brought to Stockbridge by the family of prominent churchman Jonathan Edwards,  and eventually became a full member of the Stockbridge Church. Our second paper investigates the conversion career of Frederick Willis (1830–1914)  to argue that far from being a secret, esoteric religion, the Spiritualism that Willis embraced did not prevent his vigorous participation in liberal religious public sphere. Our third paper draws on ethnographic fieldwork to focus on the Bene Menashem originally from northeastern India who migrated to Israel, where they must negotiate a fine line between integration and assimilation into Israeli society where their Jewishness is not always recognized. 

  • Abstract

    Jonathan Edwards, among several churchmen between 1680 and 1760, expressed views against the slave trade, colonial slavery, or masters’ abuse of slaves (Sallient). While very little has been written on the regional development of anti-slavery in the American colonies before and leading into the mid-eighteenth century, exploring Edward’s involvement in and treatment of slavery illuminates changes in Afro-Protestant conversion. The emergence of evangelical revivalism and the Great Awakening gave enslaved people new religious choices while underlining commitments to maintaining proper patterns of subordination (Glasson). Rose Binney Salter is owned by Jonathan Edwards and brought to Stockbridge with the family in 1751, and becomes a full member of the Stockbridge church and no longer a slave by 1771. Attention to Jonathan Edwards’ shifting thinking on slavery and the slave trade forces us to rethink the traditional timelines for the development of antislavery thought in New England and Rose’s confession of spiritual freedom (conversion) following her baptism and church membership, suggests new and different ceremonial connections to Christianity and freedom within the period.

  • Abstract

                This paper examines Frederick Llewellyn Hovey Willis’s Spiritualist theology. Abandoning his family’s Calvinism over his belief in free will, Willis created a personal religion that fused Unitarianism, Bronson Alcott’s Transcendentalism, séance Spiritualism, mind cures, and possibly Theosophy. He consistently identified as a Christian Spiritualist—even after he was dismissed from Harvard for leading séances. Drawn to Spiritualism’s combination of metaphysical religion and liberal seeking, Willis found a supportive community and a compelling alternative to orthodox Protestantism. Yet Willis’s career challenges our understanding of Spiritualism as esoteric. Willis lectured and preached widely on Spiritualism and ran a Spiritualist church for several years. He wrote in liberal religious periodicals for decades. His private séances were not secret. His allies defended him publicly during the Harvard scandal. Ultimately, Willis’s Spiritualist ministry was counter-esoteric: Although it dealt with abstract ideas, it was never a hidden tradition of religious knowledge.

  • Abstract

    Originally known as the Kuki-Chin-Mizu, or Shinlong and most commonly referred to today as the Bene Menashe (sons of Menashe), originating from the Eastern Indian states of Mizuram and Manipur. Based on fieldwork conducted primarily among the Bene Menashe community Israel, this lecture  deals with the ways in which the group's history of culture loss and social marginalization are reflected in their assimilation into mainstream Jewish and Israeli society. In particular I examine the ways in which the  Bene Menashe's background as recent coverts to Judaism from East Asia, play a central role in the ongoing negotiation between cultural preservation and assimilation. Thus, efforts to integrate into contemporary Israeli society and strategies of culutral preservation contrast with the drive of Israeli cultural agents to emphasize the group's lost tribal heritage, simultaneously emphasizing and discarding their previous ethnic identity. 

AO26-303

Wednesday, 2:00 PM - 3:15 PM (June Online Meeting)

Online June Session

Emerging Womanist Scholars are invited to participate with papers presented at the June online Womanist Approaches session as we focus upon raising our voices in turbulent times.  Centering emerging womanist voices exert promising insights into religious spheres, political action, discourses and activities of social change, and the “beyond,” which is our hope for a sustainable future for our planet.

  • Abstract

    This abstract provides an overview of the paper's focus, approach, and the importance of utilizing artificial intelligence (AI) within the framework of womanist theology to offer new and creative insights into women's stories in the Bible. This paper examines the inventive application of artificial intelligence (AI) in womanist theology, specifically in reinventing and reinterpreting the narratives of oppressed women in the Bible. Womanist theology, based on Black women's lived experiences and unique views, aims to examine and confront the interconnectedness of race, gender, and class within theological discussions.

  • Abstract

    There is a lack of research regarding the spiritual care of Black women athletes from a womanist perspective. White supremacy in sports has harmed Black women athletes, leaving them to carry the "Strong Black Woman" cloak in the public eye without wholistic care. This presentation carefully engages in the work of womanist scholars Grant, Watson Ali, Floyd-Thomas, and others to demonstrate the necessity for a "Womanist Sports Ethic of Care." This ethic of care can attend to their spiritual needs, help them find balance in being physically and mentally strong for their sport, and embrace self-love, compassion, and healing. The method used for this paper involves a critical analysis of scholarly writings in theology, psychology, and history, along with quotes from Black women athletes from books, newspapers, online journals, and social media. This interdisciplinary method is needed to consider all aspects of Black women's experiences in sports.

AO26-400

Wednesday, 3:30 PM - 4:45 PM (June Online Meeting)

Online June Session

Each of the two papers in this session explores a distinct alternative or challenge to capitalism. One expounds on Indonesian independence leader Mohammad Hatta's vision of humanizing cooperatives, in conversation with du Bois and Polanyi. The other explicates a "working-class sacred" in Robert Frost's poem "Stopping by Woods on a Snowy Evening," reading it with Heidegger and Weil. Taken together, the papers show the importance of theorizing class and anti-capitalism in plural geographic-cultural contexts, with interventions at plural structural positions, using plural methods, and drawing on plural theoretical streams.

  • Abstract

    What kind of alternative political economy can liberate us from the contemporary violent, dehumanizing, and totalizing capitalistic world? I argue that Mohammad Hatta's vision for humanizing cooperatives might be one of the most efficacious models. Like Franz Fanon, Hatta was a postcolonial thinker in the post-World War 2. Being a key political economist in the Indonesian independence movement, he served as the Indonesian first vice president. Like Fanon, Hatta sees the sociogenic psychological contortion that colonized subjects endured in their humanity. However, unlike Fanon, Hatta sees socio-economic relationships in cooperatives as the most effective humanizing agent in postcolonial nation-building projects. Addressing both communal and individual dignity, active membership in cooperatives heals dehumanized victims of the violent extractive colonial world. This presentation will argue for the importance of Hatta's vision in the contemporary global political economy. 

  • Abstract

    This paper analyzes Robert Frost's canonical poem "Stopping by Woods on a Snowy Evening" in relation to two competing forces: capitalism and the sacred. Frost's poetry criticizes the destructive rituals of capitalism, both for workers and ecologies, and moreover, explores how moments of radical possibility emerge unexpectedly in the form of the sacred, a sacred I specify as the "working-class sacred." This paper reads Frost's poem in dialogue with Heidegger's contemporaneous Being and Time and the theology of Simone Weil. As these disparate thinkers disclose, the sacred becomes an important force and form in revealing class inequalities and moreover, in gesturing towards futures delinked from such class-based violences.

AO26-402

Wednesday, 3:30 PM - 4:45 PM (June Online Meeting)

Online June Session

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  • Abstract

    The psychedelic dissociative ketamine has been recognized as an effective antidepressant for nearly twenty years. However, its effects typically do not last longer than a week without repeated administration. Research suggesting therapeutic interventions may extend patient relief and frequent patient reports of profound spiritual experiences arising during treatment motivated the development of a novel Ketamine Integration Chaplaincy (KIC) program at a Boston teaching hospital in concert with a local divinity school. The KIC program combines one-on-one spiritual care and group sessions for patients with treatment resistant depression aimed at addressing patients’ spiritual care needs and prolong symptom alleviation. In this paper, we present our training and treatment model, including student selection criteria and competencies, interdisciplinary approach, supervision and didactic models, and structure of patient care. The paper reviews preliminary outcomes from the KIC program’s first two years, pathways for program expansion, and emerging spiritual care opportunities within psychedelic assisted therapy.

  • Abstract

    Environmental ministry/chaplaincy, sometimes called eco-chaplaincy, is an emerging practice discipline that has not been systematically explored. This paper describes a beginning exploratory process using two data streams: information gleaned from the Web, and an online survey and interview of eco-chaplains. For the survey, eco-chaplaincy was broadly defined as “those working at the spiritual interface of humans and Nature/the environment.” Results reveal a still-emerging discipline with the potential to develop into an ecospiritual subspecialty. Both the online group and the survey cohort come to the practice of eco-chaplaincy from varied spiritual and experiential backgrounds. They are drawn to the work through recognition of a broad societal spiritual crisis and the urgency of the resulting environmental, social justice, economic, and political crises. Descriptions, practices and activities, and organization of eco-chaplaincy are evolving. The basic questions “What do eco-chaplains do?” and “How does one prepare to be an eco-chaplain?” are addressed.

  • Abstract

    This research explores the evolving role of chaplains in healthcare, from traditional Christian roots to inclusive spiritual care encompassing diverse traditions. Despite their integral role in addressing spiritual, emotional, and existential needs, chaplains face challenges navigating institutional pressures for profitability. Through qualitative case studies at a major trauma hospital, this study examines instances where chaplains inadvertently collude with institutional power, termed “capitalizing hope,” particularly prevalent in complex cases involving non-English speaking patients. Questions about billability, insurance coverage, and patient access emerge. This study aims to deepen understanding of chaplaincy practices, ethical implications of billable spiritual care interventions, and equip chaplains to advocate for patient-centered holistic care amidst evolving healthcare landscapes. Ultimately, I aim to contribute to discussions on chaplaincy training, in hopes of fostering healing, justice, and dignity in interdiscipinary healthcare settings.

  • Abstract

    The emergent field of Buddhist Chaplaincy remains in need of locating those narratives that can be theoretically framed and pedagogically utilized to further articulate uniquely Buddhist theory and praxis of spiritual care. This paper identifies which stories are most used today by individual faculty and chaplains, and unpacks stories of the Buddha’s compassionate and skillful responses to the sickness and grief that beset laypeople in his time, and what they have to offer us as Buddhist caregivers, chaplains, and ministers today.

AO26-403

Wednesday, 3:30 PM - 4:45 PM (June Online Meeting)

Online June Session

Religious Education (RE) encompasses both teaching about religion and teaching from religion, making it a broad and diverse field. Consequently, approaches to RE vary significantly across the globe. The theorization of religions, beliefs, values, and their associated practices influences the pedagogical methods, learning objectives, curricular materials, and outcomes linked to their teaching, and vice versa. Moreover, these aspects are highly contextualized, reflecting local, national, and international priorities and norms. This session brings together papers that examine case studies from around the world to explore how schools in different countries across Europe, Africa, and Asia approach RE in its multiple forms. By examining these diverse cases and the contexts in which they are situated, these papers seek to shed light on the complex and sometimes contradictory ways in which RE is approached, implemented, and taught within distinct cultural, societal, and educational frameworks.

  • Abstract

    The inter-ethnic and inter-religious conflicts of the 1990s and the subsequent Dayton Accords signed in 1995 led Bosnia and Herzegovina to a clear division in public space between Bosnian-Muslims, Serbian-Orthodox and Croatian-Catholics. Today, the country is governed by a tripartite structure and organized in a ‘separate school system’: students of different ethnic and religious groups have hardly any opportunities for confrontation about issues related to religious diversity. The paper aims to offer an overview on the evolution of religious education in Bosnia and Herzegovina since the adoption of the Vidovdan Constitution (1921) to the 2000s OECD experimentation of the subject  Religious culture. The contribution also aims to illustrate some projects and teachings about religions in Bosnia and Herzegovina proposed by some Catholic institutions as peacekeeping and reconciliation tools, but also as a means of strengthening the mediation role of the Catholic Church in the political dynamics of the territory.

  • Abstract

    The head teacher of Zanzibar’s largest Islamic school described his experience at the Islamic University of Medina: “We swallow the sweet and spit out the bitter,” Founded within an Indian Ocean Sufi order, his school mirrored East African cultural customs such as communal prayer and ancestor reverence. However, in Medina, he was taught that these practices were polytheistic and apostate in Islam. He returned home with conservative Salafi textbooks authored specifically for Africans which derided amulets, divination, and magic, considered stereotypical practices within “African Islam.” This paper analyzes the Arabic curriculum of Saudi’s program of Islamic propagation in Africa, alongside the Swahili teacher-talk that transforms it in the classroom. In contrast to narratives of “blanket radicalization” from study in Saudi Arabia that present African Muslims as passive recipients of the new orthodoxy, East African teachers engage in creative adaptations that “sweetens” Salafism for integration within communal Sufi ethical formations.

  • Abstract

    Hong Kong, a key Asian and global city, is academically recognized for its distinctive sociocultural and religious composition. Its entrenched religious education—apparent yet ambivalent, "Asian" yet "Western"—exemplifies this distinctiveness. "Ethics and Religious Studies" (ERS) is an elective subject in the three-year senior secondary curriculum. In its design, ERS comprises three parts: compulsory "Ethics," elective "Religious Traditions," which includes five specific modules (Buddhism, Christianity, Confucianism, Islam, Taoism), and elective "Faiths in Action," consisting of two options, "Learning to serve and serving to learn," and "Learning from religious practices."

    Three editions of the ERS guideline (2007, 2014, 2019) were examined to evaluate and interpret the curriculum, prioritizing the latest version. The study reveals "Ethics and Religious Studies" as an inherently secular subject, while numerous secular narratives permeate the reviewed documents. For example, there is a limited application of entire religious systems (specifically, Islam) despite its inclusion in the framework.

AO26-401

Wednesday, 3:30 PM - 4:45 PM (June Online Meeting)

Online June Session

Although violence is a commonly used concept in the scholarly and public spheres, its definition shifts profoundly with the value-laden politically-saturated boundaries of its users and critics. Violence is never a neutral concept, and it is most often used to name and condemn violations across the spectrum from the physical and corporeal, to the symbolic and linguistic. Beyond its conceptual range, violence also serves as a convenient polemical term that is radically open to both careful uses and disquieting abuses. In his 2023 book _Ontologies of Violence_, Maxwell Kennel explores these problems through detailed and comparative interpretations of the works of Jacques Derrida, Mennonite pacifists, and Grace Jantzen – all in order to reframe violence as a diagnostic concept that reflects the values of its users, but cannot be abandoned to relativity. This panel discusses, critiques, and extends this paradigm with contributions from scholars of anthropology, race, critical theory, and decoloniality.