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This is the most up-to-date schedule for the 2023 AAR Annual Meeting. If you have questions about the program, contact annualmeeting@aarweb.org. All times are listed in Central Standard Time.

Representatives from the AAR’s Status Committees briefly present some of their past work addressing structural inequity and violence against women, racial and ethnic minorities, LGBTIQ+, and persons with disabilities; then address some current and future challenges; and open up discussion to attendees to discuss strategies to effectively engage structural violence in the academy.

This session seeks to widen Jewish-Christian dialogue by considering how Orthodox exegetical traditions, liturgy, history, contemporary thought, and ongoing political experience, especially in the Middle East, can and should affect not only Orthodox Christianity’s own relationship to Jews and Judaism, but also its relationship to Jewish-Christian dialogue more broadly.

Theosis is a consummate expression of transcendence in the mystical, Gnostic, Platonic, and Esoteric traditions from antiquity to the present. As such, borders, limits, and edges characterize it, and the overcoming of these. It challenges the delimitations of knowledge, cosmos, and contemplation and strains at the very boundaries of experience. Theosis challenges epistemological limitations, bending and breaking ways of knowing, and complicates the boundaries between orthodoxy and heterodoxy, as expressed in the statement of Athanasius that ‘the Son of God became man, that we might become god’. This joint panel encourages submissions exploring the boundaries that characterize theosis, where they are, whether they exist, what they may be, how they function, and how they constrain, restrict, enable, and inspire. 

  • Abstract

    The term theosis (θέωσις) refers to the concept of divinization or deification, and it can be traced both in the Neoplatonic and Judaic/Christian tradition. In particular, the term theosis is also usually associated to the journey of contemplation taken in order to reach the union with God.
    Aim of this speech is to show the central role of theosis in the contemplative path, and how Philo of Alexandria, Gregory of Nyssa, and Pseudo-Dionysius the Areopagite not only evidenced in their treatises the centrality of this transformative path, but also used the figure of Moses to “symbolise” the ideal archetype to reach deification.

  • Abstract

    The Neoplatonic-Christian notion of theosis, the deification of humankind, has been understood to sever humans from nature. However, this reduces the diversity of interpretations to a caricature. I argue that theosis is a concept that opens a space of interrelational possibility. Engaging with François Laruelle, I examine an inversion of theosis that turns human consciousness toward radical immanentism. I argue Laruelle’s work paradoxically produces its own transcendental position and obscures paths for cultivating empathetic relationships with nature. However, the Neoplatonic tradition does offer resources. I then address a version of apophaticism in the works of Paracelsus and Jacob Böhme, wherein the language of theosis in conversation with the esoteric notion of the “feminine” aspect of Divinity, Sophia, gives rise to a unique speculative realist position with an earthly orientation. I maintain that this discourse challenges both the vertically transcendental orientation of classic apophaticism and the flattening immanentism of postmodern appropriations.

  • Abstract

     I will discuss two approaches in describing the ways of surpassing bounds of human knowledge in theosis by gaining spiritual perception, both having a great impact on the Christian East. One was formulated by Plotinus and later by Maximus the Confessor or Gregory Palamas, having as a major concern theorizing the outlines of spiritual perception. The other one gained its expression starting from practice, from the very experience in questing/acquiring spiritual perception, the most influential author being Isaac of Nineveh. Both accounts had an exceptional role in terming supra-intellectual knowledge, the deified perception.

  • Abstract

    In this study, *the problem of individual* identity encapsulates the series of inquiries stemming from the basic question: what distinguishes one human being from another? I propose to reconsider how the Carolingian thinker John Scotus Eriugena (d. ca. 877) answers this question by framing his thought under a *collective-evolutive* model of individual identity, based on the recognizance of *theōsis* as the cornerstone of Eriugena’s anthropology. Within this *collective-evolutive* paradigm individual identity is not something given immutably, singularly bestowed at birth. Instead, human beings do not invariably possess individual identity but must long for it (evolutive), and they eventually attain it through the primary reality of human nature (collective). *Theōsis* challenges the Aristotelian understanding of individual identity, transcending dichotomies and hierarchies involving substance and accidents, primary and secondary substances, individual and universal.

Inspired by Georgia Frank's 2023 book Unfinished Christians, especially chapter 3, we invite papers that discuss portable and shifting objects in lived religions; e.g. that mediate between religious cultures or act as portable signifiers of religious identity, diversity, continuity, and/or transformation. Examples of portable mediating objects might include relics, reliquaries, amulets, icons, talismans, monstrances, elaborate vestments, jewelry, scrolls, codices, holy people, pilgrimage badges, lamps, censors, votive objects, spolia, and other "portabilia."

  • Abstract

    In her 1989 book *Greek Gods and Figurines,* the scholar Brita Alroth coined the term “visiting gods” to describe the puzzling phenomenon where travelers to the most popular sanctuaries in the Greek world would dedicate a votive image of one god to another. Drawing on the work of materiality theorists, I argue that these votives can be understood as a means of expressing and instantiating spatial relationships in the ancient Greek landscape. For the ancient Greek pilgrim, “visiting god” votives may have been a way to articulate particular cosmological and mythological connections between the divine resident of the sanctuary and the home community of the human visitor. Complementing this approach, I aim to show that the polysemous iconicity of the image allowed the pilgrim to not only materially mediate the presence of the visiting god, but also their own presence before the residents of the sanctuary. 

  • Abstract

    In recent decades, scholars of Greek religion have taken a particular interest in ritualized processions, especially toward major sanctuaries, and the embodied experience of participating in them. Less attention has been directed to individualized itinerant religious practices and experiences, or to the smaller shrines that travelers would have encountered along their journey. In this paper, I focus on portable objects excavated at a selection of roadside shrines on mainland Greece and their implications for understanding the intersection of religion and travel. In keeping with Georgia Frank’s on-the-ground, kinesthetic approach to portabilia (2023), I consider travelers’ origins and the expense of money, effort, and emotion that their journeys across the landscape would have entailed. Intimately connected with travelers’ bodies, portabilia possessed the twofold capacity to materialize personalized acts of religious devotion and to express, through repetition of customary forms of dedication, individuals’ belonging to a community of worshippers.

  • Abstract

    The Letter of Aristeas is a diasporic Jewish work composed in Ptolemaic-era Egypt, likely during the second century BCE. In an under-examined section, Aristeas offers an elaborate ekphrasis of a set of ritual objects that Ptolemy II constructs and sends as gifts to the Jerusalem temple (§§ 51b-82). In this paper, I examine the ekphrastic presentation of ritual portabilia as a strategy aimed at cultivating Alexandrian Jewish identity through a focus on elite craftsmanship and benefaction. I argue that the work adapts the conventions of ekphrasis in order to guide its reader through a mode of "ritualized viewing" that parallels the visually-marked practices of how these objects were piously produced and ritually offered to the Jerusalem temple. The work thus elevates Ptolemy II as a model of elite devotion whose efforts bridge the Alexandrian present with a scriptural past. 

  • Abstract

    A wide range of Christian observances testify to the belief that the presence of Christ is mediated by scripture with protective and healing effects. In order to gain a rounded picture of early Christian culture, these need to be considered alongside formal liturgical usage. Portions of scripture have been carried by humans and attached to livestock to give protection from natural harms. Verses have been carved upon lintels to safeguard houses. Such uses intensify the moral and spiritual significance of scripture rather than diminish them. Narrative accounts describe Gospel books being placed by beds or under the head during sleep to promote recovery from ailments, with the latter confirmed by physical wear to book pages. The specific texts that were used tended to reflect the condition from which recovery was sought, whereas during later periods, particular texts such as the Gospel incipits came to be used for multiple purposes.

Throughout African Diaspora history there have been archives, inviting deep exploration into the unknown, the obscured, and the known. Sometimes hidden in plain sight, including Obeah oaths in the narrative of Tacky’s Rebellion and Jamaica’s Baptist War; juridical, birth, and death records compared against oral histories, historical art, and illustration of colonial encounters that include but are not limited to narratives of race, ethnicity, gender, class, dis/ability, sexuality/ies under an array of micro and macro violent technologies (fear, shame, physical, psychological and psychosocial abuse); and the Colored Conventions Project (1830) or the Early Caribbean Digital Archives (2011).

This panel seeks to explore the idea, presence, and importance of archives among us when all too often our archives were oral and aural, normatively shaped, vanished, or erased.

  • Abstract

    The paper talks about Ethiopianism as the first recognizable religious movement among Protestant Christians of African descent. Significantly, it was a religious movement which emphasize the idea of social ameliration/racial uplift.  The paper will make the case that Ethiopianism originated among free black Christians who were conscious of the ways in which racism among white Christians limited the spread of the ideas and ideals of liberal Christianity among peoples of color.  For these Christians, releasing liberal Christianity, and its social ameliorative properties from the fetters of white racism became an evangelical goal, with the understanding that there was an onus upon them, as Ethiopianists, to pursue this goal among peoples of African descent. The concern of the paper is with how Ethiopianism grew from its 18th century North Atlantic origins to become the impetus behind African initiated Christian reform movements in the 20th century Atlantic world.

  • Abstract

    In her 2008 experimental poetry collection, Zong!, M. NourbeSe Philip untells the “story that cannot be told” of the Middle Passage Zong Massacre, in which over one hundred fifty Africans were thrown overboard to ensure insurance compensation for the ship owners. Philip uses the single archival trace of the massacre, the Gregson vs. Gilbert court case, to assault the language and logic that render Black bodies consumable. Murdering words and their false sense, Philip describes herself  as a “sangoma,” or a Zulu physical and spiritual healer. She thus reclaims African diasporic ritual practice, opening to an ancestral voice, Setaey Adamu Boateng, who speaks the stammers of the dead through her onto the page. I connect Philip’s sangoma poetics to what Christina Sharpe calls “Trans*Atlantic” Blackness, a mode of living in the afterlives of slavery in which risk and disruptive possibility inhere in the surplus meanings of Black flesh.

  • Abstract

    This paper examines both the writings of Ursula de Jesus, (1604-1666), a Black woman born into slavery who lived in the Santa Clara convent (of the order of the Poor Clares) in Lima with her ama (owner) for 28 years as one of hundreds of slaves, as well as the visual literacies she demonstrates through written accounts. Ursula’s freedom was purchased by a nun in 1645, and Ursula became a free religious servant called a donada. I argue her writings and the visual literacies they draw on reveal how multiple paradigms of blood were actively circulating in relation to colonial Peruvian understandings of religion. Blood was at once redemptive in a Christian understanding and potentially limiting when understood through racialized colonial frameworks that associate one’s ‘character’ with their bodily composition through fluids like blood.

Following the recent attempted and successful coups in West Africa, this panel seeks papers that address the numerous ways religion and politics are intertwined in Africa. With growing concern about the democratic and electoral processes around the world, what role have, do, or should African religious traditions play in politics? Are there lessons the rest of the world can learn from the ways religious traditions in Africa have engaged with or distanced themselves from politics and elections? Although headlines frequently focus on examples of religious and political violence, the panel actively invites papers that focus on nonviolent engagement in political and religious spheres as well, or interrogate the violence/nonviolence binary that is often superimposed on social and political movements. The panel also encourages papers that are attentive to issues related to the differences between traditional and modern/post-colonial political systems, the complicated nature of “secularism(s)” in African societies, and the interplay between religious authority and figures and political authority and figures.

  • Abstract

    Ghanaian Pentecostal agents who emphasize ritual praxis for migrants live in two worlds as far as questions of socio-religious capital are concerned. One world is informed by a quest to internationalize, have diaspora membership, engage in overseas itinerant missions, and have a global-modern presence. The other is the efforts to indigenize their ritual praxis to appeal to the indigenous sensibilities of local clientele who may become tomorrow’s diaspora members and distinguish themselves from the European mission churches in Ghana. The intense competition in Ghana’s volatile Pentecostal religious field is engendering an open enlisting of indigenous religious models by churches in a bid to gain an edge over other competitors.

    The paper involves fieldwork research among two Ghanaian Pentecostal churches in exploring ways the Pentecostals deploy a tapestry of indigenous models and symbols to appeal to the indigenous sensibilities to negotiate socio-religious capital in the Ghanaian religious landscape thereby indigenizing Christianity.

  • Abstract

    This paper explores the intricate interactions of politics, religion, and law in shaping contemporary Nigeria. The focal point of the inquiry is the amended Companies and Allied Matters Act (CAMA 2020), which eventually turned to be a bone of contention that has sparked heated discussions and differing viewpoints. The contentious issues surrounding CAMA 2020 centre on its clauses pertaining to religious organizations. Drawing on extensive fieldwork and interviews with some key actors, it examines the responses and reactions of Christian and Muslim leaders. These leaders shared their opinions about the new law, which some analysts describe as a deliberate attack on faith-based organisations (FBOs). The findings underpin the tension that exists between Islam and Christianity and the ways in which they relate to and view the state. It also highlights the mistrust and suspicion that characterise the relationship between the government and the people. The CAMA 2020 is a segment of broader tensions in determining the future course of Nigeria in terms of its interaction with religion and politics.

  • Abstract

    Though the Ethiopian contemporary modern governments have tried to divide state and religion, Ethiopians have maintained Covenant thinking to unite religious, political, and social principles. Covenant thinking and cultural and religious relationships created a unified Ethiopia, beyond their ethnic differences, resulting not only in religious unity but also political unity in the Ethiopian context. The surplus, or lived history, of covenant thinking has created values, social and cultural identity, and national consciousness for Ethiopians.

     

    Key Words: Identity Politics, Lived Religion, Covenant Thinking, Greater Ethiopian Discourse

  • Abstract

    This paper examines the motivations underlying the rise and expansion of African Christian immigrant communities in Canada. It focuses on three churches, two Ghanaian and one Nigerian, situated in Toronto and Kingston, Ontario. The paper explores how these communities navigate intricate identities as ‘Canadian,’ ‘African,’ and ‘Christian,’ the implications of these identities on their integration into Canadian society, and their position within the global Christian landscape. This paper argues that African and more broadly, Black-initiated Christian communities in Canada continue to experience marginalization, existing on the periphery of the respectability enjoyed by the historic French Roman Catholic and English Protestant establishments. This marginalization is evident not only in the lack of public recognition but also in the relegation of their religious communities to the margins of Canadian scholarship. Despite this marginalization, African-initiated churches challenge stereotypes, assert multiple identities, and navigate the complexities of cultural preservation and religious expression with resilience.

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  • Abstract

    This paper analyzes Nigerian Pentecostal receptions of the Second World Black and African Festival of Arts and Culture (FESTAC ‘77) and engages existing narratives of “rupture” used to characterize Nigerian Pentecostalism. In doing so, this paper seeks to offer an alternative account of Pentecostal relationships to the imagined “past” associated with Orisa traditions—focusing on “contempt” rather than “rupture”—that can account for both violent rejection of Orisa among Pentecostals as well as the presence of Orisa in Pentecostal religiosity. What may seem a rupture or break with the past, can alternatively be seen as Pentecostals inhabiting a contemptuous posture towards specific objects (groups, traditions, people, etc.). While Pentecostals consistently narrate the rise of Christianity as a break from a “dark” non-Christian past, Pentecostals in Nigeria and the diaspora draw from Orisa cosmologies and traditions while sustaining a theologically generative posture of contempt towards those same traditions.

  • Abstract

    The study explores Tanzanian women's engagement with Islam through an ethnography of Radio Nuur, a non-denominational Islamic station in Tanga, Tanzania. Based on participant observation and interviews, the research investigates the discourse types and ideologies broadcasted, emphasizing women's participation and perspectives. Contrary to other stations, Radio Nuur actively involves women, both as staff and callers, potentially increasing their "voice" in the workplace and community. I examine how radio discourse shapes Tanzanian Muslims' sense of belonging to local and global religious communities and influences their interpretations of gender roles amidst diverse religious discourses. By studying media's role in constructing community identities and negotiating various ideological influences, the research sheds light on gendered communication dynamics within Tanzania and beyond, impacting understandings of Islam's local and global dimensions.

  • Abstract

    This paper engages Islamic frameworks of historical memory along the Swahili coast. It argues that Swahili ideas of inheritance (*urithi*) formulate a dynamic and generative way in which Muslim scholars and biographers articulate and live with Islamic pasts and religious memory along the coast. Building on anthropological approaches to history and memory as well as work concerning Islamic historiography, I explore *urithi*’s significance as a Swahili-Islamic ordering of the past based in a spiritual tradition that posits knowledge as a meaningful historical inheritance and Islamic scholars as “inheritors of the Prophets” and thus bearers of religious memory. These arguments are based on analysis of two biographical texts covering the lives of pioneering reformist Swahili-Muslim scholars, Sheikh Al-Amin b. Ali Mazrui (d. 1947) and Sheikh Abdulla Saleh Al-Farsy (d. 1982). My analysis is further informed by insights gathered from various interviews with the authors of these biographies.

  • Abstract

    In my book Afro-Atlantic Catholics: America's First Black Christians (2022), which will be discussed at a roundtable in the 2024 AAR conference, I present a new theory on the development of Black Christianity in the Americas. The goal of this paper is to complement this panel discussion with a presenation that debates the Portuguese influence on the early development of African Catholicism. It does so with a focus on the little-known African Atlantic island of Annobón. 

In Dancing in My Dreams: A Spiritual Biography of Tina Turner, Ralph H. Craig III explores the place of religion in the life and career of pop culture icon Tina Turner (1939-2023). To explain her religious beliefs in articles, memoirs, interviews, and documentaries, Turner drew on a synthesis of African American Protestantism, American metaphysical religion, and Nichiren Buddhism. This book reads across her public archive to provide a genealogical study of Turner’s religious influences and of her as a religious influence in her own right. This roundtable brings together scholars from the subfields of Buddhist Studies and African American Religions to consider the implications of Craig’s book for the study of religion and popular culture, Buddhism in the West, American Buddhism, and African American Religion.

Fire Dreams: Making Black Feminist Liberation in the South is a social movement ethnography of the New Orleans-based Black feminist collective Women With A Vision (WWAV) focusing on their rebirth after an arson attack destroyed their headquarters in 2012. Laura McTighe and WWAV's Deon Haywood weave together stories from their founders’ pioneering work during the Black HIV/AIDS crisis in the 1980s and their groundbreaking organizing to end criminalization in the aftermath of Hurricane Katrina with other movements for liberation around the globe. They share WWAV’s own world-building knowledges as well as their methods for living these Black feminist futures now. This roundtable will emulate a "front porch talk" and showcase responses that address the themes of social organizing, Black feminist liberation, collaborative scholarship, ethnography, the context of the American South, and other facets relating to Fire Dreams.

E. Franklin Frazier’s *The Negro Church in America* is a foundational text in African American religious studies, examining the intersection of religion, sociality, and politics. Published in 1964 amid the Civil Rights Movement, it analyzes the historical trajectory of African Americans, from the transatlantic slave trade to the Great Migration. This roundtable reevaluates Frazier’s work, assessing its enduring significance and offering contemporary insights. Presenters delve into specific chapters, discussing themes such as the impact of slavery on religious practices, the development of independent Black churches, and their roles post-Emancipation. Panelists critique Frazier’s theories on assimilation and gender dynamics, reflecting on their implications today. With diverse perspectives from scholars of various backgrounds, the roundtable aims to deepen our understanding of African American religious history. The discussion seeks to engage multiple audiences, highlighting Frazier's enduring legacy and the ongoing relevance of his scholarship in contemporary discourse.

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In Year 3 of this five-year initiative, we engage papers that surface missiological currents within Anglicanism, past and present, that contribute to the development of processes of Anglican identity formation and the ecclesiologies that arise alongside those identities. The complicated and fraught history of missionizing goes far beyond the typical account of how the non-European “peripheries” have been the recipient of colonializing mission work from the imperial “center” in England. This is only a part of a much larger story that extends through Anglican history to the present in a more complicated manner. These complex forces demand nuanced scholarly treatment of the de- and postcolonial dynamics at work in Anglican identity formation and “operative ecclesiologies."

The papers are provided for reading in advance so that our time together can be spent discussing them, both separately and by putting them into conversation.

  • Abstract

    A mid-twentieth century burst of church planting missionary activity in the Diocese of New Jersey aimed at catering to the massive suburban growth in the state. During his period of “white flight,” white families fled urban areas and settled in racially restricted suburban developments in order to avoid proximity to Black neighbors. The Diocese of New Jersey fully cooperated with this pattern of development, funding and building new churches in suburban areas with racially restrictive covenants. The result today is a functionally segregated diocese, with most Black churches located in areas of systemic neglect, and most White churches located in areas that have been comparatively prosperous and fully supported with infrastructure and services. Long diocesan cooperation with the prevailing systemic racism that produced the current, functionally segregated state of New Jersey, has produced ecclesiological segregation and perennial underfunded Black churches and ministries.

  • Abstract

    In this paper I will reiterate earlier work where I showed that African women members of the Mothers’ Union (MU) in South Africa forged a neo-indigenous expression of Christianity during the first half of the 20th century. The paper will show that these women had to resist the restrictions placed on them by women missionaries and church leadership from England with respect to their church uniforms that had been adapted from manyano groups (women's prayer groups) of other church denominations. In the modern post-colonial post-apartheid church context, the church uniform carries with it certain ambiguities and these will be explored through interviews with African women clergy, professional middle-class lay women, and the leadership of the MU. This case study will show that African Anglican women in South Africa have forged a particular expression of Anglican identity that, despite being shaped by post-colonial modernity and globalization, is unique.

  • Abstract

    It is crucial to consider the perspectives of people in the pews—active lay Anglicans—to understand the operative ecclesiologies and lived missiologies present in the Anglican Communion today. Analysis of focus groups conducted with over four hundred lay people in the Anglican Diocese of Toronto reveals a dominant operative ecclesiology focused on the survival of individual local parishes in familiar forms, and a transactional conception of mission that emphasizes liturgical change to attract younger people. In addition to being theologically problematic, these ecclesiologies and missiologies are disconnected from the contextual realities of the Canadian religious landscape. However, openness to change and a desire for more emotionally energetic liturgy that is relevant to everyday life also have the potential to empower people in the pews to connect their liturgical lives with the Five Marks of Mission of the Anglican Communion and Transformational Aspirations of the Anglican Church of Canada.

In this third year of the seminar, the focus is on missiological currents within the Anglican Communion and how these have contributed to complex identity formations and "operative ecclesiologies" in diverse Anglican contexts. A first session on the theme, immediately preceding this one, is described separately. This session will feature three scholars with recent publications relevant to this theme who will converse with one another and with seminar participants and attendees about the missiological implications of their work. These are: Gary Dorrien, author of Anglican Identities: Logos Idealism, Imperial Whiteness, Commonweal Ecumenism (Baylor UP, 2024), Kwok Pui Lan, author of The Anglican Tradition from a Postcolonial Perspective (Seabury, 2023), and Jennifer C. Snow, author of Mission, Race, and Empire: The Episcopal Church in Global Context (Oxford UP, 2023).

This session will also include a business meeting for planning Year 4 of the seminar.

Anyone examining justifications for violence and motivations for nonviolence quickly encounters both animals and religion — and often both at the same time. This session draws together explorations of animals and religion at the watershed moments between violence and nonviolence in a range of traditions and practices—from discussion of cats and witchcraft in Yoruba Pentecostalism in Nigeria to premodern Islamic teachings about human and animal skins, from aspiration toward ahiṃsā / nonviolence in Jain and Hindu traditions to contemporary North American discussions of hunting rituals on Reddit. In all of these cases, animals are caught up conceptually and bodily in human questions about violence, dominance, difference, and virtue.

  • Abstract

    Using skin as an analytical tool (Ahmed), this study explores how, when, and to what ends premodern Islamic jurists, physicians, and religious thinkers affirmed or troubled customary divisions that separated humans from animals. Close readings of the rhetoric, laws, and practices surrounding the uses of animal skins for water consumption, medicine, prayer mats, disguises, travel accommodations, or parchment reveal ongoing declarations of human uniqueness and dominance, but also the tactile intimacies and health dangers that subverted those claims. Case studies examine several junctures at which Sunni and Shi’ite scholars asserted likeness over difference, or difference over likeness, between human and animal skins to trace deeper considerations of human/animal relations. In deliberations of what skins could touch what parts of whose bodies, under what conditions, and in what ways, we find unresolved tensions over the volatile lines separating humans from animals, and debates about how dis/similitude might best be determined.

  • Abstract

    This proposal examines the links between witchcraft accusations, femicide, and cat vilification within Nigerian Yoruba Pentecostalism, exploring how religious beliefs and cultural traditions contribute to violence against women and animals. In Yoruba communities, cats are often associated with witchcraft, leading to their persecution and the targeted killing of women accused of witchcraft. Utilising symbolic interactionism, this study aims to understand the social dynamics and stigmatisation driving these acts, focusing on the interplay of religious interpretations and cultural attitudes. It highlights the urgent need for interventions to address these harmful practices, contributing to discussions on social justice, gender equality, and animal welfare. By investigating these issues, the research underscores the impact of esoteric beliefs on societal development and the importance of challenging these beliefs for more inclusive, equitable societies.

  • Abstract

    Abstract:

    Contemporary political debates diverge on whether multispecies solidarity can occur *with* or only *on behalf of* more-than-human beings. The South Asian concept of nonviolence (*ahiṃsā*), notably developed in the Jain tradition, challenges this either/or approach. Jain cosmology, emphasizing universal sentience with karmic difference, offers a foundation for solidarity *with* other beings. Its account of reciprocal suffering and responses of carefulness and compassion provide a foundation for solidarity *on behalf of* other beings. Moreover, the Jain view provides a third alternative—solidarity *as* other beings—through religious practices of cosmic merger missing in political accounts that presume a subject-centric “I think” as their onto-epistemic ground. Jain accounts of rebirth memory and fasting unto death provide modes of *un*selfing and *un*knowing necessary to support costly multispecies solidarity. Importantly, the Jain view maintains a clear sense of anthropocentric privilege, paradoxically occurring and reaching full expression only through multispecies nonviolence.

     

  • Abstract

    As a form of religious violence, animal sacrifice is a contentious but deeply rooted element in religions generally and in Indian religions specifically. Despite the overarching principle of non-violence, as espoused in Hindu theology, there exists a complex discourse wherein theologians endeavor to justify sacrificial violence towards animals. This paper examines the apologetics of violence in the Manubhāṣya (ca. 9th century), the exegesis of the Mānavadharmaśāstra (ca. 200 BCE-200 CE), which is the most influential legal treatise in pre-modern India. Through textual analysis, this paper scrutinizes how the exegesis defends sacrificial violence by highlighting the spiritual benefits accrued by the sacrificial animals and plants, although animals and plants are deemed incapable of actively seeking liberation. By analyzing this rhetoric of benefits, this research investigates how legal scholars in medieval India understand the spirituality of animals, their potential for liberation, and the notion of their hypothetical consent in sacrificial rituals.

  • Abstract

    Through a net ethnography of the r/Hunting subreddit on the social media website Reddit, I uncover the intricate ways white settler hunters imagine themselves in intimate relationships to human and non-human animals because of the violence they enact on their kills.  For hunters on r/hunting, the moment of violence–euphemized as “harvesting”–is at once the point, and superfluous to it, serving as both the node of intimacy with the harvest animal as well as a necessary evil to be necessarily minimized: true hunting, they argue, is about limiting suffering–anything else is just sadistic killing.  Indeed, this moment of violence, I show, anchors ethical scaffolding as well as religious cosmologies.  Hunting, then–even white settler hunting–is the implicitly intimate moment where violence meets compassion, where life meets life, where humans are honest about the death they bring into the world.

In this roundtable, the three editors and ten of the contributors will introduce their new volume on Animals and Religion. This book, released in February 2024, offers the first comprehensive multi-authored overview of the field of animals and religion since A Communion of Subjects was published in 2006. It also includes significant new research and analysis on the topic by many of the contributors. Each chapter is accessibly written to ensure that the volume can be used in undergraduate classrooms, and we are excited to share it at AAR. After the editors provide an overview of how we designed the volume and the theoretical work we intend it to do, contributors will discuss how they each use the concepts and cases presented in their chapters in their own teaching and/or research.