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Online Program Book

This is the most up-to-date schedule for the 2023 AAR Annual Meeting. If you have questions about the program, contact annualmeeting@aarweb.org. All times are listed in Central Standard Time.

We will discuss Prajñākaragupta’s commentary Pramāṇavārttikālaṅkāra (PVA) on two verses in Dharmakīrti’s influential Pramāṇavārttika (PV): vv. 3-4 in the chapter on perception. In those two verses, Dharmakīrti initially endorses the standard Sautrāntika and Yogācāra view that causal efficacy is the mark of ultimate existence, but then he responds ambivalently to a Mādhyamika opponent who rejects the ultimate reality of causal relations. But, unlike Dharmakīrti and his earlier commentators like Devendrabuddhi, Prajñākara accepts the Mādhyamika view that causal efficacy cannot be a mark of ultimate existence. However, he also shows that this Mādhyamika view does not conclusively undermine the core of the Yogācāra view: the thesis that consciousness--or conscious mental occurrences--are ultimately existent. In doing so, Prajñākara paves the way for a new form of Yogācāra that is later defended by Jñānaśrīmitra and Ratnakīrti. On this view, ultimate existence is just a matter of directly appearing through non-conceptual awareness.

AO25-100

Tuesday, 10:00 AM - 10:45 AM (June Online Meeting)

Online June Session

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AO25-101

Tuesday, 11:00 AM - 12:15 PM (June Online Meeting)

Online June Session

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AO25-102

Tuesday, 11:00 AM - 12:15 PM (June Online Meeting)

Online June Session

This session aims to provoke debate on the state of the religions and development field as a whole. The papers in the session interrogate the nuanced nature of FBOs to explain both the positive and negative aspects of their involvement, demonstrate a way to measure the relevance of faith in development work, and explore the roles of young people in religious engagement in high-level policy spaces. These papers show the breadth of research possible within the field of religions and development. As a field with much applied research, they also showcase practical methods and approaches to working with faith actors in development. These papers reflect on the implications of religious engagement at policy and practice levels, from the local to the national and global. 

  • Abstract

    Paper explores the interactions between religion and development by analyzing the case of the Al-Khidmat Foundation (AKF) in Karachi, Pakistan. Studying AKF, the paper discusses how Faith-Based Organizations (FBOs) draw on religious ideas and practices to conduct social welfare and development projects. I explore the meaning, mission, and characteristics of FBOs, in terms of their religious and political affiliations in Karachi. Findings show the emerging role of faith/religion in community development, as a counterpoint to the modern notions of secularisation. It argues that AKF occupies vantage positions over ‘non-religious’ or mainstream organizations, in terms of resources, enhanced access, and religious legitimacy. However, AKF has also been criticized for its conservative, proselytizing, and political development agendas. Such characteristics contradict the mainstream and secular discourse of development and call for a strategic and nuanced engagement of local faith actors – and therefore religion, into global development.

  • Abstract

    Although world leaders recently reaffirmed commitments to achieving the SDGs, disaggregation of by G7 and G20 yields insights into how policymaking is impacted by population age structures. All G7 countries have older populations. The world population is youthful. The G20 contains a mix of population types. The integration of youth leaders into decision making processes has been promoted to improve SDG implementation because youthful populations are the primary beneficiaries of a sustainable and healthy planet. The interfaith movement has given rise to a youth leader interfaith movement that has produced a set of ten Interfaith Development Goals to compliment, and support the implementation of, the SDGs. A youth climate movement that is rooted in moral identities rather than faith-based identities has emerged from the G7. Interfaith engagement with the G20 would benefit from better integration of youth leaders from both movements to strengthen political will for implementation of the SDGs.

  • Abstract

    Measuring spirituality is complex, involving culture, context, theology, and discernment. This study attempts to validate closed survey questions for predicting spirituality according to the judgment of local leaders. Employing a triangulation approach, it utilizes the assessment of local church leaders, gathered via participant interviews, to categorize individuals according to maturity, providing a benchmark to compare the survey results against. Advanced statistical models were then applied to identify key quantitative survey questions that were best correlated with the local leader categorizations. This methodology situates the ‘decision making’ determination of spiritual maturity into the hands of local voices, and seeks to connect this knowledge to commonly used survey instruments in the field of spiritual measurement.

AO25-103

Tuesday, 11:00 AM - 12:15 PM (June Online Meeting)

Online June Session

*Cyberhenge: Modern Pagans on the Internet* (2004) by Doug Cowan remains a foundational text in the fields of online religion and contemporary Pagan studies. We use this anniversary as occasion to reevaluate the digital culture and practices of contemporary Paganism over the last 20 years, gathering scholars to discuss the histories and futures of Paganism and broader magical cyber-communities, including those of BIPOC practitioners who may or may not embrace identification as Pagans. Collectively, participants will provide analysis of the book’s impact, share perspectives on the dynamics of online magic today, and strategize directions for future scholarship. We are honored to include Cowan as respondent. In addition, there will be time for conversation between panelists and discussion based on audience questions. Come celebrate and scheme with us!

AO25-104

Tuesday, 11:00 AM - 12:15 PM (June Online Meeting)

Online June Session

If we want to address the violence inherent in modern western thought, then we need to undiscipline our thinking. How might we begin to re-attune to our evolving, embodied contexts on a planet marked by climate change and globalization? What types of planetary futures might we co-imagine and begin to work towards? These questions, to my mind, are at the heart of understanding human conditions in the 21st century, and exploring them will be important for co-constructing worlds that work toward the flourishing of the planetary community. This panel will draw from Indigenous, decolonial, and queer theories to rethink and re-imagine the disciplinary boundaries that separate “religion” and “science.” Furthermore, we will draw from speculative fiction, poetry, popular media and art to suggest ways in which we might re-imagine the world in a non-anthropocentric, non-hetero-euro-patriarchal way.

AO25-200

Tuesday, 12:30 PM - 1:45 PM (June Online Meeting)

Online June Session

After the Boston Marathon Bombing, a group of world-class experts in religion and computer science create cutting-edge simulations to predict and prevent religious radicalization and violence...but saving lives in the real world is harder than they thought.

AO25-201

Tuesday, 12:30 PM - 1:45 PM (June Online Meeting)

Online June Session

Mohammed Rustom’s recently published Inrushes of the Heart: The Sufi Philosophy of ʿAyn al-Quḍāt is quickly becoming required reading text in many Islamic mysticism, Islamic philosophy, and Islamic history classes throughout the Western world. However, this work has yet to receive the scholarly attention that it deserves in academic forums such as the AAR. This roundtable aims to rectify this problem by bringing together scholars from various to discuss this text and topics related to this text.

A025-202

Tuesday, 12:30 PM - 1:45 PM (June Online Meeting)

Online June Session

In the past two decades, there has been a renewed interest in studying nineteenth-century Dutch theology with a particular focus on the works of Abraham Kuyper and Herman Bavinck. These Dutch theologians were known for their engagement with contemporary theological and philosophical perspectives and modern society at large. This panel will present research on how Bavinck's ideas have interacted with German idealism and how Kuyper's works have addressed crucial social issues, such as the Jews and other political topics.

  • Abstract

    In the face of materialist monism and the positivist epistemology that often accompanied it, the Dutch Reformed theologian Herman Bavinck (1854-1921) advocated the recovery of a Christian idealism. But what did this mean in practice? On the domain of history, Bavinck speaks of divine revelation supplying the idea that makes world-history possible. Bavinck, nevertheless, left no worked examples that show how a Christian-idealist historiography might proceed. Some of his later writings, however, offer clues. Drawing attention to prominent themes in the history of ideas presented in The Foremost Problems of Contemporary Dogmatics and in the lecture “Nature and History in the Light of Christ”, this paper offers a sketch of what a Bavinckian search for the rational within the real entails.

     

  • Abstract

    Jews had been full-fledged Dutch citizens since 1795, but tensions remained both within and outside their circle over whether or not they should fully assimilate. When a new primary education law was passed in 1857, some orthodox Protestants blamed Jews for preventing the continuation of the traditionally Protestant character of public education. This raised the question of how to deal with Jews in modern society. Several Protestant theologians participated in this debate, most notably Abraham Kuyper. When he distinguished Jews as a separate group, he did so because of their non-Christian religion. This approach was challenged because the Jewish community was diverse in its relationship to Judaism: some were Orthodox, but the majority were not Orthodox or were secular. Moreover, most Jews did not want to be considered a separate group. First and foremost, they wanted to be Dutch. The result of this 19th-century debate was an ambivalent Protestant appreciation of Jews.

A025-203

Tuesday, 12:30 PM - 1:45 PM (June Online Meeting)

Online June Session

Religious studies is a critical domain for helping us understand the troubled world in which we find ourselves. However, much of our scholarship remains inaccessible to the audiences who would benefit most from it. Many scholars have shifted to Youtube as a dynamic space for disseminating our research and nimbly responding to pressing questions and issues of our moment. This panel brings together scholars who have creatively and successfully tapped into Youtube as a way of doing public scholarship. The panelist discuss how they approach their academic work in ways that make it accessible while also being rigorous

AO25-303

Tuesday, 2:00 PM - 3:15 PM (June Online Meeting)

Online June Session

Join us for a conversation with three professionals whose training in religious studies/theology informs their work in academic-adjacent professions. Our panelists include Ernest A. Brooks III, a partner at the executive search firm Isaacson Miller; Dr. Alice Hunt, former AAR Executive Director and current career consultant; and Rabbi Dr. Rebekah Alpert, professor emerita and former Senior Associate Dean of Academic Affairs at Temple University. Each panelist will discuss their career path and offer insight into how training in the study of religions and/or theology prepares graduates for diverse professions, including positions of leadership in academic-adjacent careers.

AO25-300

Tuesday, 2:00 PM - 3:15 PM (June Online Meeting)

Online June Session

Our intentionally inclusive roundtable aims to facilitate cross-temporal, -cultural, and -disciplinary conversations centering on hermeneutical justice as an analytical framework, in response to the hermeneutical injustices faced by disabled peoples globally and the citizens of the Global South particularly, which have recently led to calls to decolonize both Religious Studies and Disability Studies. This roundtable aims to contribute to this effort in two ways: first, considering the utility of current disability studies theories/frameworks to specific historical examples; second, exploring examples of non-“western” theories / perspectives that could be used to rectify, extend, or problematize these theories. Some theories that will be considered include narrative prosthesis, the felt/enacted model, and crip time; likewise, some non-"western" theories and exempla include the situatedness of “disability” discourses in South Asian medical and legal texts, contemporary Shin Buddhist views on disability seen through the lens of self-power/other-power, and classical Chinese perspectives on “useful/useless bodies.”

AO25-301

Tuesday, 2:00 PM - 3:15 PM (June Online Meeting)

Online June Session

Daoist studies is dominated by textual scholarship. This panel directs our attention towards rich yet oftentimes sidelined materials beyond texts. The first paper disproves a longstanding assumption regarding a seemingly anomalous figure in the Heavenly Court murals (Royal Ontario Museum). By contextualizing it within Yuan drama, the paper shows that the figure resembles a common representation of the Lord of the Eastern Flower-Palace. The second paper examines the development of the Ghost King’s depiction in Chinese liturgical art (14th to 19th c.) from the Qinglong, Baoning, and White Cloud monasteries, illuminating his transition from a delegate of hungry ghosts to an empowered mediator between heaven, humanity, and the netherworld. The last paper examines the collective memory surrounding Mount Tai, arguing that it has become a "realm of memory" for different entities, Daoist Priests, spirit mediums, and state officials alike, whose seemingly contradictory recollections represent various facets of its history.

  • Abstract

    This paper utilizes vernacular performing art, specifically Yuan dramas, to unravel a longstanding puzzle regarding the identity of a seemingly anomalous main figure in the Yuan dynasty Heavenly Court murals housed at the Royal Ontario Museum. Previous scholarships have predominantly relied on Daoist textual and visual materials to identify this figure, neglecting how a Daoist deity might have been dressed and enacted in theatrical settings at the time, both influenced by and influencing the visual imagination of their contemporaries. Through a careful examination of a group of Daoism-themed Yuan dramas where Daoist deities play important roles, this paper challenges previous scholarly interpretations by arguing that the purported “anomaly” is not anomalous at all, if we prioritize the popular performing art to understand the visual experience of medieval Chinese.

  • Abstract

    The Ghost King of the Burning Face, an esoteric Buddhist deity introduced to China during the Tang dynasty (618-907), plays a significant role in Buddhist and Daoist salvation rituals. This paper examines the development of the Ghost King’s depiction in Chinese liturgical art from the fourteenth to the nineteenth centuries, focusing on artworks from Qinglong, Baoning, and White Cloud monasteries. It traces the transformation from early, ambiguous mural depictions, emphasizing the Ghost King's dual roles in summoning and feeding, to distinct representations in hanging scrolls that present its specific functions on that stage. Along with the deity's progressively refined portrayal, this study illuminates the Ghost King's transition from a mere delegate of hungry ghosts to an empowered mediator bridging heaven, humanity, and the netherworld. Overall, through visual and iconographic analysis, paper illuminates the rich tapestry of Chinese religious art and its capacity to articulate complex theological ideas through visual means.

  • Abstract

    This paper examines the collective memory surrounding the Mount Tai in contemporary Chinese society, with a focus on the interactions between Daoist Priests, spirit mediums, and the official state. These parties engage in an enduring struggle and compromise, each claiming to possess the most accurate memory and understanding of Mount Tai but differing in their perspectives. Consequently, their divergent memory traditions lead to distinct activities and practices in present-day society. Drawing on fieldwork conducted between September 2023 and January 2024, this study unveils the complex dynamics and competition for control over the discourse surrounding Mount Tai. It argues that Mount Tai has become a "relam of memorie" (lieu de mémoire) for different entities, where seemingly contradictory memories are actually different facets of historical development. Furthermore, this struggle has elevated Mount Tai to China's most significant sacred place.

AO25-302

Tuesday, 2:00 PM - 3:15 PM (June Online Meeting)

Online June Session

Contemporary challenges to community formation include social isolation and social violence. Presenters within this session address relational and community issues from diverse religious and philosophical perspectives. Christopher Morales argues that loneliness, the common root of contemporary forms of  violence, whether social, political, or environmental, must be addressed through a politics of friendship, foundational to a just society. John M. Thompson presents a tale in which the Buddha—as friend— brings an end to violence while violating social norms and expectations, thereby circumventing the so-called demands of justice. Thompson proposes that “good friendship” as “good violence” may hold promise as a creative but unconventional response to contemporary social violence. Recognizing that spiritual and religious traditions offer culturally diverse ways of facilitating friendships, Laura Duhan-Kaplan and Anne-Marie Ellithorpe discuss friendship’s role in community formation within global religious traditions, as evidenced in Multireligious Reflections on Friendship.

  • Abstract

    In 2023, the U.S. Surgeon General, issued an advisory, “Our Epidemic of Loneliness,” which detailed a decline in social connection in U.S. society over the past 30 years, correlating this to rising rates of depression, anxiety, violence, and self-harm. Western culture is on a historical trajectory towards loneliness, supported by technologies that provide a simulacrum of sociality, political ideologies that divorce us from a common experience of reality, and a capitalism that breeds rapacious competitiveness. This paper explores the sources and consequences of existential loneliness in contemporary society, showing loneliness as the common root of contemporary social, political, and environmental violence. It addresses loneliness from the perspectives of philosophy and theology to show that a politics of friendship is a foundation for a just society. This research intervenes in the fields of social ethics and political theory by articulating paths of renewed encounter founded in agonistic pluralism and radical hospitality.

  • Abstract

    This paper explores the Aṅgulimāla sutta in terms of the Buddhist ideal of the kalyāṇa-mitra (“good friend”). In this tale, the Buddha subdues the killer Aṅgulimāla by befriending him and bringing him into the sangha while using his friendship with King Pasenadi to demonstrate the superiority of rehabilitation over punishment. The Buddha handles the situation as a matter between friends, yet as a “good friend” to both Aṅgulimāla and Pasenadi, he circumvents the demands of justice, and overrides the king’s authority. This violates social norms and expectations, yet it stops the violence in the region (both illegal and legitimate). Moreover, Buddha’s friendship doesn’t spare Aṅgulimāla the karmic effects of his past, but it allows Buddha to guide him safely through it. I thus maintain that this tale presents “good friendship” as a “good violence,” a creative but unconventional response to social violence that holds promise for us today.

  • Abstract

    Spiritual and religious traditions offer culturally diverse ways of facilitating friendships. This theme emerges in our recent co-edited volume, Multireligious Reflections on Friendship. Examples include the emphasis Indigenous communities place on reciprocity and the land, ways in which Jewish traditions encourage respect for study partners, Buddhist advocacy for discernment in befriending, and Christian texts that speak of fostering divine love within community. We will discuss these examples against the backdrop of the volume’s larger goal: to explore the place of friendship in six global religious traditions, and understand the positive effects of friendship, including coexistence, sustainable living, healing, social action, and connection with the divine. 

AO25-401

Tuesday, 3:30 PM - 4:45 PM (June Online Meeting)

Online June Session

The data reveals a (not-so) surprising reality: roughly half of religious PhDs won't land traditional academic jobs. Join the Graduate Student Committee for an engaging discussion focused on career reimagination post-graduate school. Hear firsthand accounts from scholars who've successfully forged new careers, utilizing skills acquired during their academic journey. Discover essential tips on where to find alternative job opportunities and how to effectively market your transferable skills for success outside traditional academia. This session aims to empower graduate students with the knowledge and resources needed to embark on a fulfilling career journey while building community and networks along the way.

AO25-400

Tuesday, 3:30 PM - 4:45 PM (June Online Meeting)

Online June Session

This panel considers how representations of the past in Jewish girls' novels shape religious orientations and practices in the present. We consider the lineage and inheritance of girls’ stories, both within families and broader communities, in order to parse often unstated but deeply replicated assumptions about girls’ and women’s responsibilities as the memory bearers, sustainers, and mediators of traditional knowledge. The panel is designed to address these questions through two papers, one addressing the trope of girls reading grandmothers’ letters in popular fiction and one addressing gendered differences in Haredi historical fiction novels. The papers will be followed by a response from Dr. Jodi Eichler-Levine to bring together ideas about American Jewish children’s literature, community, and memory. By looking to girls’ literature, we see specific examples in which these traditional roles are not only conveyed, but also possibly subverted by treating girls as textual authorities and purveyors of communal knowledge, or by centering them as mediators between two worlds, in a nexus of Jewish relationships across time.

  • Abstract

    A common trope in Jewish middle grade and young adult novels portrays a Jewish girl who discovers and reads her grandmothers’ letters. She becomes a careful reader, creative writer, and thorough researcher, and her impressive findings heal and enrich her family. I argue that this subgenre of Jewish girls’ fiction depicts a specific, gendered Jewish coming-of-age praxis wherein tween and teen protagonists scaffold their own stories through the narratives of their grandparents’ generation. Relying on Robert Orsi’s discussion of family hagiography and Diana Taylor’s performance theory, I view girls’ reading and writing—both within the novels, and as encouraged by the novels—as an embodied form of lived religion and cultural performance. The specifically gendered emphasis on Jewish girls as preservers of family memory also conspicuously parallels Jewish communal memory work prevalent in women’s contemporary Jewish American literature.

  • Abstract

    Haredi views of history align with Mishnaic views described by Jacob Neusner, with the past acting as "paradigms for the formation of the social order." Haredi historical fiction for teens and pre-teens establishes this link between past and present so that today's children learn about roles, limitations, and opportunities available to them through depictions of how Jewish children lived in past centuries. Protagonists of both genders engage in Jewish communal life embedded in the broader political contexts of their host countries, but the narrative built across the corpus clearly delineates between male and female engagement. Drawing on Melissa Klapper's theorizing of American Jewish girlhood, I argue that Haredi historical fiction cultivates an understanding of gendered roles where men and boys always resist the dominant culture, protecting their communities from both physical and spiritual endangerment, while women and girls maintain boundaries by engaging with and navigating between religious and secular cultures.

AO25-402

Tuesday, 3:30 PM - 4:45 PM (June Online Meeting)

Online June Session

This virtual roundtable will invite panelists to interrogate the past and present meanings of "religion" "in" "Europe." Each presenter will discuss a single image for approximately 5-7 minutes to reflect on the assessment, definition, or problematization of these three keywords. Situating particular spaces, events, ideas, and communities in context will illuminate the challenges posed to assumed semantic and historical relationships between "religion" and "Europe." To what extent do these terms speak to the experiences of historical and contemporary actors in western Eurasia? How might these terms produce boundaries and exclusions in the lives of those we study, as well as in scholarly disciplines? Is "religion in Europe" even a coherent field of inquiry? We seek to spark a trans-Atlantic theoretical and methodological conversation regarding the limitations and generative possibilities of present and future comparative work. Ample time will be given to discussion among presenters and with the audience. 

  • Abstract

    This paper examines the diasporist French Jewish political group, Le Cercle Gaston Crémieux, founded in 1967 “to promote a diasporic Jewish existence without subjugation to the synagogue or to Zionism.” In contrast to an assimilationist model which demanded the acceptance of French national identity in the public sphere, or a Zionist model of Jewish nationalism, the Cercle offered exile and diaspora as constitutive of Jewish identity, positioned as an alternate mode of being-in-the-world defined against white Christian European nationalism. Yet to expose the historically constructed, economically calculative nature of European nationalisms that claim the status of organic and natural, the Cercle offered a narrative of the historical construction of Jewishness, and this social constructionism conflicted with the almost metaphysical status they accorded to Jewish exile and otherness. Thus the Cercle failed to construct an anti-national model of Jewishness, but this failure sheds light on larger fault lines in Jewish politics.

  • Abstract

    Although ‘religiosity’ as Church attendance and religious belief is declining in Europe, cultural identification with religion has remained stable or even increased. Various studies have highlighted how national and European forms of religious heritage have been ‘appropriated’ by the far right to construe a false binary between secular Christian European states on the one hand, and Islam on the other. This presentation will argue that the focus on far right uses of religious heritage is important, but should not detract attention from how such uses are echoed in ‘mainstream’ discourses of religious heritage. Particularly, it is important to ask which widespread conceptual understandings of religion make ‘heritage status’ possible, which groups can (not) make claims to it, and how the connotations of protection and conservation attached to ‘heritage’ relate to a politics of racial and religious belonging in Europe.

  • Abstract

    Responding to the Religion in Europe Unit’s Roundtable question: “What is religion in Europe”?, I suggest that religion in Europe is marked by how religious people navigate the "local" and the "transnational." These claims arise from my research on how South Asian owned "Indian dance" studios in Barcelona function as spaces for community building and the observance of religious holidays for Hindus. I will discuss the methodological challenges of a project that considers commercial sites as religious sites, which are also linked to transnational resources in the form of Indian government funding.

  • Abstract

    The European socio-cultural concept of religion is highly diverse. In my presentation, I will
    focus on the situation in Austria and argue that present-day changes will challenge the
    implicit concepts of religion up to a point where they will no longer be applicable in day-to-
    day use. In Austrian, the implicit concept of religion is very much dominated by the
    traditional ideal of the Roman-Catholic Church – with hierarchical institutional structures,
    parochial day-to-day practices and more or less clearly defined sets of beliefs (Lehmann /
    Reiss 2022; Zulehner 2020; Vocelka 2013). This becomes particularly obvious with regards to
    the two forms of legal status religious organizations can apply for – the status of ‘Gesetzlich
    anerkannte Kirche und Religionsgesellschaft‘, as well as the status of ‘Staatlich anerkannte
    religiöse Bekenntnisgemeinschaft’. First, these two forms of legal status provide different
    degrees of access to a subsidiary system of religious services. Second, they are confronted
    with significant challenges.

  • Abstract

    Is spirituality possible without the belief in a transcendental God? The French philosopher, André Comte-Sponville’s answer is positive. In his 2006 publication, L’Esprit de l'athéisme: Introduction à une spiritualité sans Dieu, Sponville presents his case for atheist spirituality. One does not need, he suggests, to throw out the baby of culture with the bathwater of organized religion. Unlike the populist evocation of the decadence of the Judeo-Christian civilization by thinkers such as Michel Onfray or the essentialist framing of Islam as the civilizational Other of Europe by Marcel Gauchet, Sponville’s Spirit of Atheism takes on an optimistic tone. It draws on diverse cultural, spiritual, and intellectual traditions of Europe to build a new reenchanted collectivity.

AO25-403

Tuesday, 3:30 PM - 4:45 PM (June Online Meeting)

Online June Session

This panel will showcase the latest research in Sikh Studies from emerging scholars in the study of Sikhs and music, highlighting dynamic approaches and diverse themes. Papers offer a multidisciplinary perspective on Sikh culture, identity, politics and practice. This online panel for emerging scholars looks to emphasise inclusivity and global relevance and aims to inspire collaboration and further research. In particular, this panel explores the intersection of technology, music, and cultural expression in Sikh communities to understand how the transmission of Sikhi is influenced by dynamics of power. The panel includes discussions on the mediation of Sikh Kirtan and the socio-political dimensions of Punjabi popular music particularly in light of government bans on Sikh genres. 

  • Abstract

    Two genres of Punjabi popular song were recently banned by different governments: the Punjab state government banned songs valorizing gang activity, and the Indian central government banned songs valorizing Sikh militancy. This paper proposes that despite differing ethical contents, these two genres mutually draw on widespread Punjabi concerns with patronage politics. Using ethnography conducted with armed criminals, Sikh nationalist militants, and songwriters linked to both, this paper examines how Punjabi musical discourse about corruption — illicit but not necessarily illegal patronage networks — connects distinct musics and publics. This paper demonstrates that ostensible technocratic governance of the supply chain permeates discourses of criminal patronage, whether in songs valorizing smalltime mafia bosses, songs valorizing Sikh militancy against “criminal states,” or state censorship of both. 

  • Abstract

    Atop a knee-height, raised platform sits two harmoniums and a tabla, a microphone hovering above each instrument. These microphones route into a mixing board, which connects to an array of JBL speakers situated throughout the main hall and grounds of the gurdwara. When these microphones pick up the instruments or the voices that sing Sikh hymns, they add a cavernous reverb to the sound that gives it an ethereal, otherworldly quality.

    Using Blesser and Salter’s theory of aural architecture (2007) and Auslander’s analysis of live performance in mediatized culture (1999), I argue that sacredness in Sikh musical practice is transmitted through the technological filter of reverb. Whereas previous studies on Sikh sacred music analyze affect, metaphysics, and/or spiritual underpinnings, I focus on the technical aspects and mediation of – and striking consistency across – Sikh kirtan in domestic, religious, and broadcast spaces.

AO25-500

Tuesday, 5:00 PM - 6:15 PM (June Online Meeting)

Online June Session

The AAR’s status committees represent particular concerns of AAR members to the larger organization and board. The goal is to effect change toward greater inclusion, equity, and structural improvements. Come to this session to learn about the work of the status committees and to participate in breakout sessions  hosted by SWP, CREM, LGBTIQ+, and PWD.  (And if you do not currently know what those letters mean, we promise that  you will know after this session.)

AO25-501

Tuesday, 6:00 PM - 7:15 PM (June Online Meeting)

Online June Session

In an era marked by growing concerns over gender-based violence and the quest for nonviolent resistance, the interplay between religion, gender, and activism offers a complex and rich field of study. This session aims to unravel the nuanced ways in which religious traditions, gender identities, and acts of resistance intersect, focusing on the margins of society where these dynamics are most pronounced. Our discussion traverses various geographical and cultural landscapes to uncover the lived realities and theological challenges faced by women and gender-nonconforming people in their fight against structural violence and in their pursuit of peace and justice. The session also aims to foster a critical dialogue on new approaches to resistance, the role of religion in activism, and the ways in which precarity shapes the experiences of those living at the intersections of gender, sexuality, and religious identities.

  • Abstract

    This paper aims to critically engage with the narrative surrounding the tragic killing of Sr. Valsa John Malamel, a Thomas Christian nun, as explored in the 2013 Wall Street Journal (WSJ) publication *Crimes against Women.* This narrative dissects the brutal killing of Sr. Valsa John Malamel, a Thomas Christian nun, in Pachhwara village, Jharkhand, India, on November 15, 2011. The paper undertakes three objectives: introducing the incident, reviewing the decolonial discourse on “religious conversion,” and re-evaluating the event, focusing on illegal mining and the nun’s leadership against it. Emphasizing Sr. Valsa John's Thomas Christian identity, rooted in pre-colonial Eastern Christian heritage, challenges narratives conflating Christianity with colonialism. This study exposes the flaws in decolonial methods targeting Indian Christians as remnants of colonialism, advocating for an Eastern perspective and a focus on gender in the study of Christianity to decolonize misguided approaches.

  • Abstract

    During the mid-20th century, Methodism underwent a transformative period as women challenged traditional roles within the church. Jeanne Audrey Powers emerged as a pioneering figure, advocating for women's equality and redefining boundaries as a clergywoman. Powers spearheaded strategies and programs to address systemic injustices and promote women's leadership through multiple venues of the denomination. Through gendered initiatives, Powers empowered women and fostered greater representation. Her advocacy extended beyond gender equality, as she publicly identified as a lesbian clergywoman in 1995, challenging discrimination against sexuality fashioned out of theological fundamentalism and igniting a new wave of advocacy toward changing denominational polity around human sexuality. Powers's leadership reshaped Methodism, paving the way for historic milestones and advancing inclusivity within the church.

  • Abstract

    Creationist and complementarian positions assert that God’s vision of humanity has two distinct forms of personhood: male and female. Within this binary model, male and female may be created, but they are not necessarily created equal. However, the impact of such constructions of gender on identities which do not fit within the ’biological’ categories of male and female has received considerably less attention. How, then, do such theologies respond to identities which resist or transgress these dualistic boundaries?

    Examining the dramatic rise in anti-trans legislation in the United States, this paper considers how theological applications of gender, language, and scripture can be shown to underpin political and social ideologies which relegate trans*persons, particularly trans*women, into positions of precarity. Considering the trans*misogyny evident in the positioning of trans*women as dangerous, deviant, and amoral, this paper explores how theological language might operate in creating and perpetuating gender-based violence.

  • Abstract

    This paper explores theological education as a methodological approach and academic discipline within practical theology, emphasizing its role in understanding and catalyzing transformation lived experiences and faith. Drawing from practical theology focuses on reflexive praxis, the research focuses on the teaching-learning environment of a theological school in Madagascar, contextualized within socio-political complexities. Employing critical qualitative research methodologies, practical feminist theology, and liberative transformative paradigms, the study assesses religious education’s alignment with a vision of justice and the efficacy of its practices. The paper advocates integrating theological inquiry with social scientific research methods, promoting dialogue, critical listening, and collective action toward justice within the theological school community. By bridging theory and practice in religious education, this research aims to foster positive societal change, with implications extending beyond geographical boundaries to address cultural and structural violence and advance justice globally.