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Online Program Book

PLEASE NOTE: We are working on making updates and edits to finalize the program. If you are searching for something and cannot find it, please reach out to annualmeeting@aarweb.org.

The AAR's inaugural Online June Sessions of the Annual Meetings were held on June 25, 26, and 27, 2024. For program questions, please reach out to annualmeeting@aarweb.org.

This is the preliminary program for the 2024 in-person Annual Meeting, hosted with the Society for Biblical Literature in San Diego, CA - November 23-26. Pre-conference workshops and many committee meetings will be held November 22. If you have questions about the program, contact annualmeeting@aarweb.org. All times are listed in local/Pacific Time.

A24-410

Sunday, 5:00 PM - 6:30 PM

Convention Center-11B (Upper Level West)

This panel explores how creative practices and material objects serve as agents of expression, identity, and activism within Muslim communities globally. One paper focuses on ta’ziya production in Lucknow, India, highlighting the role of devotional objects in shaping Shi’i religious life and identity. Another paper discusses activism within the Claremont Main Road Mosque community in South Africa, challenging apartheid legacies and promoting solidarity with marginalized communities. A third examines the provision of religious educational services in Turkey, tailored specifically for conservative women, through fatwas provided by the Diyanet and its preachers. The final paper reevaluates the intellectual legacy of Muhammad ‘Abduh within modern Islamic reform movements, emphasizing his influences outside Salafism and his engagement with Sufism and practical philosophy. The panel aims to shed light on the multifaceted ways in which material culture, creative expression, and religious authority intersect to shape identities, activism, and reform within the global ummah.

  • Understanding Shiʿism Through Devotional Objects: Taʿziyas, Materiality and Ritual Practices in Contemporary Lucknow

    Abstract

    The taʿziyas in South Asia are representations or replicas (shabih) of Imām Husayn’s tomb in Karbala. This paper will analyze the production of this Shiʿi devotional object, and innovations in materiality based on fieldwork conducted in Lucknow to uncover the type of materials used in making taʿziya and examine the backstory of taʿziya production. Innovations in the materiality of ephemeral Lakhnavi taʿziyas validate how makers are deluged with love and devotion towards the Ahl-e bait. The different types of materials and embellishments display an act of veneration or an outlet of devotion. This paper examines the devotional labour of taʿziya makers who belong to both Hindus and Muslim community backgrounds and where they situate themselves within the religious complex of Shiʿism in Lucknow in North India. Taking my lead from the conversation with makers and devotees and first-hand observation of the structure and functioning of this craft form; I aim to situate the taʿziya at the intersection between the aesthetic context of a craft form alongside its efficacy as a Shiʿa devotional object.

     

  • Apartheid Across Spaces: Solidarity in Difference

    Abstract

    Based on ethnographic fieldwork and archival research, I contend that members of the Claremont Main Road Mosque community, in Cape Town, South Africa, live out an alternative mode of interreligious camaraderie, not simply tolerance of difference, but rather solidarity with oppressed communities. While interreligious relations are generally cordial in the city of Cape Town, there are moments of tension, especially in relation to the Zionist occupation of Palestinian lands, culture, and heritage. Through a scriptural lens, the mosque leadership opens up an ethics of interreligious action for Palestine with anti-Zionist Jews and Christians. In post-apartheid Cape Town, this praxis, I suggest, subverts a cultural normativity silencing forms of critique of the state of Israel in interreligious spaces. Consequently, Jews and Muslims in Cape Town side-step an orientalist fantasy, framing the conflict and occupation in Palestine on religious difference, and an interreligious anti-colonial politics for liberation is lived out.

  • Authority and Agency in Turkish State Fatwa as “Public Service”

    Abstract

    This paper examines Turkey’s state-sponsored religious education for conservative women and its role in facilitating their individual-level ethical pursuits as Muslims. Focusing on Diyanet's presentation of the fatwa tradition as a bureaucratized “public service,” the administrative body overseeing religious affairs, it challenges the notion of Diyanet as a mere instrument of secular governance given ordinary Muslims' voluntary utilization of the fatwa. However, the paper simultaneously points out the partiality of the range of Diyanet’s Islamic authority, which springs from Turkey’s secularist past that allows for diverse interpretations of Islam to coexist. Through ethnographic data, the paper analyzes the agency of both fatwa seekers and state preachers revealed in interpersonal fatwa consultations. Illustrating how the interplay of bureaucratic structures and Islamic tradition formulates the agency of those involved in the Diyanet fatwa service, the paper delineates the range and modality of the authoritative state involvement in ordinary Muslims’ religious lives.

  • Muhammad ‘Abduh (1849-1905) and the Intellectual Ambiguity of Modern Islamic Reform

    Abstract

    Muhammad ‘Abduh (1849-1905) is often portrayed a modernist Salafi reformer who sought to rationalise Sunni “orthodox” theology. This paper argues that such a characterisation is misleading: it operates with problematic notions of what constitutes “orthodoxy” and “heterodoxy” in Islam and fails to capture the intellectual complexity of ‘Abduh’s reformist oeuvre. This paper shifts the focus to his earliest mystical, philosophical and theological writings. While they are often dismissed as early intellectual formations without any further relevance for his reformist work later in his life, this paper argues that they are crucial to understanding ‘Abduh’s approach to Islamic reform. The paper reveals important continuities of certain concepts from his earlier to his later writings. His most prominent theological works and his Qur’an commentary, produced towards the end of his life, re-articulate ideas from his earliest mystical and philosophical writings in an idiom that appears more aligned with Sunni notions of orthodoxy.

A24-411

Sunday, 5:00 PM - 6:30 PM

Convention Center-28D (Upper Level East)

This panel centers questions of theory and historicity, two vital but often underexamined areas in scholarship on clergy sexual abuse. The first paper, “’You Better Tell The Truth,’" examines the intersections of racial and sexual violence through a (re)reading of archival materials from Black Catholic Chicago, raising critical questions about the tension between the ethical imperatives of anti-racism, truth-telling, and historical accountability. The second paper, “Shedding Light On Silence and (in)Action,” brings oral histories of contemporary Belgian survivors into conversation with centuries-deep cultural concepts of ‘bystandership,’ thus working towards a theory that can explain why historical research on clergy abuses in Belgium remains severely limited. The third paper, “Breaking the Silence,” explores a critical lack of language around childhood sexuality, as evidenced by the narratives of 15 Catholic survivors interviewed through Fordham University’s recent Taking Responsibility grant, then suggests a more robust and inclusive vocabulary informed by trauma studies.

  • “You Better Tell the Truth”: Problem Priests, Archival Denials, and Black Catholic History

    Abstract

    Scholars and journalists have deepened our sense of the Catholic clerical sexual abuse crisis in recent years by illuminating how Native and Black communities have been particularly vulnerable to abuse. This paper builds on this emergent scholarship by examining “problem priests” and sexual abuse in Black Catholic parishes in Chicago in the middle decades of the twentieth century. Furthermore, it asks scholars to consider the politics of archival access, the relationships between scholars and their communities of accountability, and the art of crafting historical narrative, and how all of these factors can conspire to prevent us from telling the truth regarding the ways anti-Black racism and clerical abuse have been constitutive of twentieth-century U.S. Catholicism. In this, the paper is an act of critical self-reflection, wherein the author considers how choices early in their career governed the narratives they constructed of Black Catholic history. 

  • Shedding light on silence and (in)action: understanding bystander dynamics in cases of historical (sexual) transgressive behavior within Belgian Catholic contexts (1950-1989)

    Abstract

    Despite the global and local increased awareness of (sexual) transgressive behavior in Catholic contexts over the past few decades, historical research on this issue in Belgium remains limited. Moving away from a binary survivor-perpetrator approach, this paper addresses the (national and international) understudied role of historical bystanders in cases of (sexual) transgressive behavior of adults towards minors within Belgian (Flemish) Catholic contexts (1950-1989). The concept of 'bystandership' is used to encompass individuals (with various responsibilities and potential courses of action) who were part of and affected by the Catholic environments in which historical (sexual) transgressive behavior could take place. Through a literature review and the analysis of semi-structured interviews conducted with both survivors and bystanders, this paper, drawing upon the method of oral history, aims to comprehend how prevailing historical Catholic institutional and socio-cultural perspectives on sexuality and child-adult sexual interactions may have influenced bystander attitudes in the outlined context.

  • Breaking the Silence: Imagining Language Around Childhood Sexuality in Response to the Clergy Abuse Crisis

    Abstract

    This paper explores the profound silence surrounding childhood sexuality within the Catholic Church's sexual abuse crisis, revealed through narratives from 15 survivors interviewed under the Fordham University's Taking Responsibility grant. These narratives expose a critical lack of language and understanding around sexuality, significantly contributing to the survivors' vulnerability and trauma. This study challenges the church's reliance on restrictive theological frameworks and the societal taboo around childhood sexuality, advocating for a trauma-informed, survivor-centered theology that respects children's sexual autonomy and dignity. It proposes an interdisciplinary approach, integrating theological analysis, trauma theory, and survivor narratives to explore the intricate web of sexuality, violence, and marginality. By addressing the underexplored area of childhood sexuality and the silence surrounding it, this paper aims to foster a more inclusive, just Church and illuminate pathways toward healing and transformation, advocating for a future where children are seen, heard, and empowered.

A24-412

Sunday, 5:00 PM - 6:30 PM

Hilton Bayfront-Cobalt 500 (Fifth Level)

“We came from Shaolin, but we’re bringing Hip-Hop culture around the world" (The RZA, Wu-Tang Clan).  The papers in this session explore the potential intersecting points relating to Hip-Hop's cultural evolution and individual artistic journeys as seen in the work of The Wu-Tang Clan and B-Boy Gato.  The engagement of “Supreme Mathematics” and the wide and varied use of cultural references by The Wu-Tang Clan, helps to form and create a narrative that resonates with Chan Buddhist teachings and hagiography.  Similarly, B-Boy Gato's experience highlights the transformative power of breaking amidst violence and exile. Through their artistic expressions, both The Wu-Tang Clan and B-Boy Gato navigate societal challenges, constructing narratives of heroism and enlightenment.  The papers in this session provide insights into the multifaceted expressions of Hip-Hop culture from pop culture references and religious engagement to the transformative potential of dance within marginalized communities.

  • Extreme lives. Explorations of place, home and spirituality in the art of B-Boy Gato

    Abstract

    As hip-hop celebrates its 50 years aniversary, one of the cultures four elements is entering another historical milestone. Breaking is for the first time  an olympic sport at the 2024 Olympic Games in Paris. Scholarly writings on hip hop and religion seems to favorize rap and rap lyrics. In academic studies on religion and dance, breaking is as good as absent. This paper will explore the art and spirituality of Carlos David Catun Quintanas, AKA B-Boy Gato, known as one of the most innovative breakers from Guatemala City, Guatemala. Having received death threats from one of the most notorious gangs in Guatemala city, B-Boy Gato now lives in exile. The aim of this paper is to examine two of his productions, reflecting contexts of violence and exile. Building on theories developed by Homi Bhabha and Edward Soja among others, spirituality will be explored along spatial terms.

  • Huineng and the Have-Naughts: the Zero-is-Hero Trajectory of Enter the Wu-Tang (36 Chambers)

    Abstract

    Although Rolling Stone journalist Touré’s 1994 review criticizes Wu-Tang's underground style, calling them “ciphers” who embrace the aesthetics of the “have-nots,” the cipher in fact signifies both zero and the whole within the context of the Five Percent Nation’s Supreme Mathematics, which Wu-Tang further correlates to the 360 degrees of a circle via the thirty-six deadly pressure points found in the Wubei Zhi (a Ming dynasty military treatise). This paper will examine Wu-Tang’s zero-is-hero trajectory and its parallels to the tale of Chan Buddhist patriarch, Huìnéng 慧能, the “barbarian” whose rhymes revealed a natural knowledge of dharma as no thing. In scripting a context for their own hero's narrative from Supreme Mathematics, kung fu cinema, and lyrical sword style, the Wu-Tang Clan has taken the blank canvas of the self and built a chamber, a cipher, and a sphere of enlightenment for themselves and their fans.

A24-413

Sunday, 5:00 PM - 6:30 PM

Convention Center-3 (Upper Level West)

This panel critically interrogates the “material turn” in religious studies by examining its major interventions in intellectual and cultural context. Over the last three decades, the “material turn” has effected significant transformations in how scholars theorize and discuss religious phenomena, countering the field’s historic emphasis on meaning with a focus on objects, practices, spaces, and embodiment. How has this revision been articulated and achieved? Why have religionists come to think about materiality in the terms that they do? And what alternatives may have been elided in the process? The panel’s contributors pursue these questions from three distinct, though related perspectives. We engage the material turn in sequence as a feminist project, a decolonial intervention, and a reaction to the “linguistic turn” before reflecting on the overarching context of  neoliberalism. By doing so, we seek to provoke new understandings of the field’s recent history and alternative conceptions of materiality.

  • Gender, Sex, and the Material Turn

    Abstract

    The Material Turn, within and outside of the discipline of Religious Studies, is marked by a significant high interest by female and feminist scholars as well as analyses of gender, the body and aesthetics that are centred in this approach. In this paper, I will reflect upon this gendered (or sexed?) distinction with the Religious Studies’ Material Turn. This will bring new and different insights to the question in how far the Material Turn is connected to a neo-phenomenology guised in feminist (essentialising) approaches to religion and in how far this feminist approach was part of its early and ongoing appeal to the discipline. To do so, I will give an overview of the development of the Material Turn/Material Religion and how it relates to gender and sex and specifically look at the works of David Morgan and Birgit Meyer.

  • In the Name of Lesser Gods: Fetishism and the Dilemmas of Materiality

    Abstract

    This paper interrogates the material turn and its relationship to forms of post- or decolonial thinking through a close examination of the resurgence of interest in the “fetish” in religious studies. In recent years, the twin concepts of fetish and fetishism have become major terms for scholars of religion. In a striking departure from its historical use as a term of racist denigration, the fetish has been revalorized as a focal point of critical reflexivity along explicitly decolonial and materialist lines, distilling in its multiple functions the material turn’s broader intellectual and political ambitions. In this paper I capitalize on that exemplarity. Focusing on one early iteration of fetish-talk in religious studies, namely, the work of Charles Long and his “imagination of matter,” I use the fetish as a privileged lens through which to historicize the material turn and examine its enduring theoretical tensions. 

  • Literal Material

    Abstract

    This paper asserts that recent and popular trends in the academic study of religion, together loosely designated by the tag “the material turn,” proceed from a mistaken rejection of deconstruction, and its associated semiotic conceptualization of textuality. After showing how deconstruction, especially its stakes for perception and cognition, is misunderstood and misrepresented in representative writings of the material turn, the paper shifts focus to the work of Paul de Man in order to counter the material turn’s mistaken opposition of deconstruction to materialism. De Man argues that it is precisely in language that materiality, denoting that which refuses “transform[ation]…into the phenomenal cognition of aesthetic judgment,” registers for the subject, albeit only ever in the mode of error. Against this more rigorous account of materiality, the so-called material turn scans as an uncritical flight into the refuge of aesthetic mystification.

P24-402

Sunday, 5:00 PM - 6:30 PM

Omni-Gaslamp 1 (Fourth Floor)

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  • The Implicit Liberation Theology of Dorothy Day: A Reflection on Female Holiness in the Active Life

    Abstract

    This paper will analyze the life of Servant of God, Dorothy Day, through the hermeneutical lens of liberation theology. Although Day was not an explicit liberation theologian, her work through the Catholic Worker Movement exemplifies liberative qualities. I will parallel the liberation between Base Ecclessial Communities in Latin America and the Houses of Hospitality in the Catholic Worker Movement, arguing that liberation for those on the margins stems from first offering safe places for the creativity of the marginalized to flourish. It is safety that thus leads to creativity - to a restoration of one’s agency and an affirmation of one’s voice and dignity - that can then lead to a stable and sustainable liberation.

  • The Hagiography of G.K. Chesterton and the Chesterton Schools Network

    Abstract

    G.K. Chesterton, renowned for his literary genius and staunch Catholic faith, has left an indelible mark on literature and education.  His works encompass various genres, from detective fiction to essays, imbued with his distinctive wit, wisdom, and profound insights into human nature and spirituality.  The establishment of the Chesterton Network of Schools reflects his enduring influence on education, fostering a curriculum that integrates faith, reason, and classical education principles.  This paper proposal aims to explore the hagiography of G.K. Chesterton, examining his life, works, and legacy while also delving into the Chesterton Network of Schools and its significance in promoting Chestertonian ideals in education and exploring why they chose Chesterton as their namesake.

A24-414

Sunday, 5:00 PM - 6:30 PM

Hilton Bayfront-Aqua 309 (Third Level)

Media about extraordinary individuals (saints, sages, heroes, etc.) often entails the work of translation. The lives of such personages translate the values of their community; disciples translate and transmit their story; sometimes devotees even translate the body from one place to another. Moreover, those studying such media are frequently faced with the need to translate ideas from one linguistic and conceptual world to another. But do these acts of translation entail violence? Do devotees and/or scholars disfigure the extraordinary individual when they carry (compel?) them across cultures, traditions, moral frameworks, and contemporary understandings of identity (race, sex, gender, religion, secularity, etc.)? As scholars, what are our ethical responsibilities in the face of such (alleged) violence? In keeping with the collaborative ethos of the Hagiology Seminar, this roundtable will involve participation in three virtual conversations leading up to an in-person session at the 2024 AAR Annual Meeting. The roundtable will be headed by Reyhan Durmaz (University of Pennsylvania).

A24-415

Sunday, 5:00 PM - 6:30 PM

Hilton Bayfront-Sapphire L (Fourth Level)

This panel explores the different ways Hindus and Hinduism have taken shape in various diasporic contexts beyond South Asia and North America. How has engagement with and understandings of Hinduism evolved in countries that carry historical Hindu influences? How has temple construction has offered communities forms of liberty? How do Hindus in the diaspora re/create public worship of Hindu figures? How has Hinduism been embraced in certain socio-political contexts?  This panel presents the work of graduate students and emerging scholars studying Hindu diasporas in Thailand, Mauritius, People’s Republic of China, and United Arab Emirates to address these questions of community formation and practice. Through these explorations this panel further enriches the discourse of global Hindu diasporas.

  • The Wat and Thewalai: Toward New Paradigms of Interpreting the Thai Hindu Tradition

    Abstract

    Early studies have generally used a dyadic schema to explain the pervasiveness of Hindu themes in Southeast Asia’s myriad religious cultures. Whereas Hindu traditions which appear indigenous are described as « Indianization » stemming from age-old processes of cultural exchange, the more recognizable forms of Hindu-ness in Southeast Asia are attributed to a modern Indian diaspora born of Western colonialism. In recent times, scholars have questioned these paradigms, especially with regards to present-day Thailand. My presentation offers ethnographic vignettes from fieldwork at two temples in suburban Bangkok—Wat Saman Rattanaram and Thewalai Khanetinsuan. Centered on the god Ganesha, the sites represent distinct but overlapping attitudes toward the public worship of Hindu figures in Thailand: one subsumes Ganesha under a Buddhist rubric, the other presents a vision of Ganesha which, although founded and managed by Thai Buddhists, retains a decidedly Hindu identity.

  • Gold like the Vēl : Murugan worship and economic independence in colonial Mauritius

    Abstract

    This paper aims to map the progressive settlement of Murugan worship throughout the indentured Tamil communities of Mauritius island, in the early decades of the 20th century. I locate the emergence of Murugan-centered within a departure from the historically dominant ritual economy of Mariamman and Draupadi worship, confined to sugar estate temples under direct White planters’ patronage.

    The establishment of Murugan cultic centres map instead the settlement of a new class of upper-caste Tamil landlords moving from small plantation holdings to more mercantile ventures. Through the foundation narratives of two important Murugan temples, I argue that the peripatetic and metamorphous deity provided to formerly indentured migrants a Bhakti of economic freedom and political ascension.

    As index of this devotional discourse, my analysis of three poems of Mauritian Murugan devotee Vadivel Selvam Pillai (1899-1978) showcase this association between the deity and a hard-won material liberty.

  • Kṛṣṇa Becomes Real: Conversion and Contagious Faith in Contemporary China

    Abstract

    Making use of previously neglected English- and Chinese-language sources, including hundreds of hours of archived recordings, and interviews conducted over nine months of ethnographic fieldwork (July 2022–May 2023), this paper explores (1) how and why, since the death of Mao Zedong in 1976, various citizens of the People’s Republic of China have come to embrace lives of devotion centered on the Hindu deity Kṛṣṇa, and (2) how, despite the social and political challenges they face as religious actors in China, devotees manage to maintain and even strengthen their faiths. In grappling with the former, this paper reveals a combination of factors—ideology, “religious capital,” social bonds, and “direct rewards”—which draw and facilitate the conversion of Chinese to Hinduism. In dealing with the latter, it expands upon anthropologist Tanya Luhrmann’s theory of “real-making,” arguing that practitioners can become more certain of Kṛṣṇa’s existence through, among other things, affective synchronization.  

  • Navigating Tensions: Hindu Immigrant Challenges and Temple Evolution in the Islamic United Arab Emirates (UAE)

    Abstract

     

     This paper examines the challenges faced by Hindu immigrants in practicing their religion and establishing temples in the United Arab Emirates (UAE), a predominantly Islamic country. Against the backdrop of global conflicts rooted in religious diversity, the paper enhances the discourse on religious pluralism by analyzing the historical development and architectural evolution of Hindu temples in the UAE. Drawing on my historical and ethnographic research, I argue that despite Hinduism’s status as a minority religion in a Muslim-majority nation, the reciprocal relationship between Hindu pluralistic approaches and the UAE government’s religious inclusion policies has facilitated the practice of Hinduism, the construction of temples, and the promotion of religious diversity and inclusion in the UAE. The paper analyzes the religiopolitical dynamics, interreligious tensions, and roles played by Hindu temples in promoting cultural exchange, social cohesion, and community empowerment, offering insights into Hindu-Muslim relations, religious pluralism, and cultural integration in the UAE. 

A24-416

Sunday, 5:00 PM - 6:30 PM

Convention Center-29B (Upper Level East)

The recent emergence of the term “Hinduphobia” in social media and public policy has gone largely unnoticed by mainstream Western society. It is a term that appears to function as part of a spectrum of well-established terms for structural forms of racism linked to historical material practices of discrimination such as Islamophobia, anti-Black racism, and anti-semitism. However, while there certainly are many hypothetical and real examples of discrimination against Hindus by virtue of their religion in parts of the world, the attempt to include “Hinduphobia” into the lexicon of terminology arguably masks the much more immediate political and social reality that the claim silences legitimate criticism of India. In this roundtable discussion, panelists will explore several core questions and case studies involving Hinduphobia and its impact in North American, Hindu diasporic, and Indian contexts.

A24-417

Sunday, 5:00 PM - 6:30 PM

Hilton Bayfront-Sapphire 411B (Fourth Level)

With augmentation and AI technologies undergoing accelerated development and coming to market, we must ensure that the cosmovisioning around such technologies is not monopolised by a single “transhumanist” movement. Jacob Boss contrasts “punk” transhumanists with “profiteers” – punk is oriented toward the aesthetic and to the “world-renewing” destruction of norms, while the profiteers look to commodify enhancement through incorporating it into the mainstream. This roundtable session will explore the productivity of Boss’ punks/profiteers distinction for contemporary transhumanism scholarship, considering both the contentious classification of transhumanism movements and some of the overlooked strands of transhumanism. The panel will offer a critique of contemporary narratives of transhumanism that focus exclusively on elite academic and/or commercial iterations. Boss’ scholarly intervention into the underlying commitments that drive divergent transhumanist communities of practice points to alternative futures with these technologies, foregrounding the expansion of sensory capacities, reproductive choice, kinship and other social forms.

A24-418

Sunday, 5:00 PM - 6:30 PM

Convention Center-30E (Upper Level East)

The margins of religion and other conceptual categories are where meanings and definitions are contested, where belonging is debated and where the boundaries are drawn between in-groups and out-groups, where otherization occurs, and where narratives are (re)constructed. Contributing to the study of Korean Religions and of discourse and constructivism, the papers in this panel address the marginalization of Muslim immigrants in modern South Korea (Mert Sabri Karaman), the marginalization of Korean shamanic traditions of the inter-Korean border area (Seonghee Oh), the marginalization of contemporary self-cultivation movements in the study of Korean religion (Victoria Ten), and the marginalization of South Korea’s LGBTQ community by evangelical Protestants (Timothy Lee). The panel thus speaks also to the fields and disciplines of LGBTQ and sexuality studies, legal studies, race and migration studies, heritage studies, inter-Korean politics, and reflection on the epistemologies of our own scholarly approaches to the fields of religion and culture.

  • Muslim Immigrants in Modern Korea

    Abstract

    The aim of this study is to present current data by examining Muslim immigrants in Korea and their activities, and by investigating how they lead their lives, their interactions within society, and their positions in society. How the Muslim identity was established after the Korean War, including the process of Korea becoming one of the centers of attraction for Muslim immigrants following the success of economic development. Muslim immigrants existing in modern Korea will be researched and their nationality, population, status in Korea, the environment in which Muslim minorities live. While researching Muslim immigrants in Korea, the focus will be on the conditions of the Muslim labor class. The ongoing problems of Muslim minorities in Korea, their impressions in society, Koreans' perception of Muslims, and also the perception of South Korea from the perspective of Muslims will be examined.

  • Korean Shamanism Marginalized In-Between Two Koreas

    Abstract

    The two representative kuts of Korean Shamanism, which are inscribed as National Cultural Heritage, are from Hwanghae-do (a province in North Korea) and Seoul (capital of South Korea). Meanwhile, the shamanic rituals located in-between these two regions are marginalized. They are not researched as well and not listed as cultural heritage. Rather, they are depreciated because their forms are a kind of hybrid of the two recognized heritages. Nonetheless, there are shamans who perform and inherit the ‘Gaeseong kut’ in Seoul. Gaeseong is a city now located in North Korea and is one of the border areas between the two Koreas. In this project, I have three main research questions: first, what is Shamanism in the Gaeseong area? Second, is this locality continued in South Korea? Third, what is the practice of ‘Gaeseong’ kut in Seoul and what makes it have the locality beyond the DMZ?

  • Ki Suryŏn and GiCheon in Korea: Immortality Practices as a Marginalised Religious Movement

    Abstract

    Korean *ki suryŏn* (氣修練 training related to ki – “life energy”), also referred to as *sŏndo suryŏn* (仙道修練 learning the way of immortality) is a contemporary urban practice, which, similarly to Chinese *qigong* and Indian yoga, is reinvented in modernity on the basis of ancient Asian traditions. Despite been widely spread and popular across the population in South Korea, *ki suryŏn* is severely marginalized in Western academia. Extensive scholarship exists on such practices in China and Japan, however, similar phenomena in Korea have hardly been studied in European languages. Many of *ki suryŏn* practices are based on a Daoist view of the body, but the practitioners come from various religions persuasion, including Christians and Buddhists; the *ki suryŏn* leaders do not advertise *ki suryŏn* as a “religion”, and *ki suryŏn* is usually not included under the rubric of “Korean religions”.

  • Keep Them on the Margin: Evangelical Pushback against LGBTQ Human Rights Advocacy in South Korea, Focusing on Controversies over the 2007 Anti-Discrimination Bill

    Abstract

    The paper seeks to make the argument that evangelical Christian community’s pushback against LGBT human rights is a key reason that LGBT people are relegated to the margin of South Korean society. It seeks to do so by focusing on evangelicals’ opposition to the introduction of the Anti-Discrimination Bill at the National Assembly in late 2007, a bill introduced by Roh Moo-hyun’s justice department, inspired by the LGBTQ rights advocacy of the National Human Rights Commission of Korea. The paper analyzes the theological and other rationale evangelicals espoused as well as the social and political pressure they brought to bear on their pushback.

P24-401

Sunday, 5:00 PM - 6:30 PM

Hilton Bayfront-Aqua 300 (Third Level)

A panel of diverse Latino/a theologians and scholars of religion dedicated to Orlando Espín's book, Pentecost at Tepeyac? Pneumatologies from the People (Orbis Books, 2024).

A24-419

Sunday, 5:00 PM - 6:30 PM

Convention Center-1B (Upper Level West)

Did poetical language and Buddhism co-create each other around the turn of the Common Era in South Asia? If so, how? And what are the implications for the beginnings of Indic literature and for the development of Buddhist, Vedic, Jain, and other literary and religious traditions of Asia? Our seminar hosts four research presentations on sources from early to early medieval South Asia, bringing them into conversation with each other through formal responses and general discussion. In this second session, Andrew Ollett and Aleksandra Restifo respectively examine the cultivation of kāvya by Buddhist poets in the first three centuries of the common era, and how Jains envisioned aesthetic experience in the context of renunciation through early dramatic literature. Laurie Patton's and Thomas Mazanec's responses will broadly contextualize their presentations and raise questions in light of major scholarly paradigms concerning the history and development of Indic and Chinese literature.

  • Other Kuṣāṇa-period Poets

    Abstract

     Aśvaghōṣa is a good candidate for the “first author” of Sanskrit literature: the first historical person who is remembered to have composed a literary text. (Earlier authors composed non-literary texts, and earlier literary texts are attributed to non-historical persons.) Of course this is not quite true: Aśvaghōṣa belonged to a community of Buddhist monks who had, for several generations, been experimenting with writing kāvya. Although very little of their work survives in Sanskrit (or other languages, such as Gandhari, in which it was composed), this talk will examine the cultivation of kāvya by Buddhist poets other than Aśvaghōṣa in the first three centuries of the common era: Saṅgarakṣa (ca. 125 CE), Mātr̥cēṭa (ca. 125 or 230 CE), and Kumāralāta (ca. 250 CE). I am primarily concerned with the general outlines of their literary program, evinced by the formal features of their works and their explicit statements about literature and speech.  
  • The Effect of Drama: Towards a Theory of Aesthetic Experience in Early Jainism

    Abstract

    Renunciant traditions are known for their ambiguous views on drama since aesthetic experience distracts mendicants and laypeople from the right path rooted in equanimity and self-discipline. Having recognized the powerful effects of drama, however, Jains developed some of the earliest theories on drama and aesthetics, which they imbued with social and ritual efficacy. For instance, in the Piṇḍanijjuti, a drama about the world-emperor Bharata encourages five hundred kṣatriyas to renounce the world. In the Rāyapaseṇiya, a devotional performance by the god Sūriyābha represents a ritual internalization of the Jina’s biography. Through the analysis of these and other examples from early Jain literature, this paper argues that Jains envisioned aesthetic experience produced by drama and poetry as a source of social and ritual transformation, which affected individuals and communities.

A24-420

Sunday, 5:00 PM - 6:30 PM

Hilton Bayfront-Cobalt 502A (Fifth Level)

This panel will examine the connections between materiality and masculinity as broadly understood across multiple contexts and methodologies within the field of Religious Studies. Materials are often components of both the construction of masculinity and religious lives, yet are less often analyzed as a point of connection. By analyzing not only materials that signify masculine expression such as hair and clothing but also artistic expressions of idealized beings, this panel examines a broad spectrum of masculinity and materiality in cultural, and subcultural, constructions. In addition, this panel will also examine how the materials of the archive are not inert, but rather are an active participant involved in these constructions through the preservation of discourse around masculinity. This panel will demonstrate the fundamental materiality within religious preservation and subversion of masculinity and masculine identity with important implications for masculinity studies within many fields beyond the foci of these papers.

  • Clothes Make the Bishop: Masculinity, Materiality, and Authority in the *Life of St. Matrona*

    Abstract

    In late antiquity, several hagiographies of assigned female saints who presented themselves as men were popular among Christian audiences. One such saint, Matrona of Perge (5th century), entered a monastery in Constantinople as a eunuch named Babylas. In the earliest version of Matrona’s hagiography, Matrona was given permission to found her own monastery and to wear traditionally male habits. Moreover, she was made an *episkopos* (overseer/bishop) and given the power to lay on hands. The use of male habits and this level of authority held by someone assigned female has yet to be fully examined. Through the use of transgender studies, this presentation will argue that authority can be understood as yet another form of masculine embodiment represented through male habits, rather than view masculine presentation as a way for Matrona to gain authority.

  • A Transgender Devil No More: The hyper-masculinization of the Baphomet in contemporary occulture and television

    Abstract

    This paper examines the cisnormative passage that the representations of Baphomet go through, from a dually-sexed, androgynous, anthropomorphic goat-person drawn by Éliphas Lévi to a rebellious figure connected to Satan/Lucifer with his breasts intentionally removed by the Satanic Temple. This removal, an intentional action of censorship, is then mimicked in popular television and popular culture. The removal of the breasts of the Baphomet by TST demonstrates a rejection of gender variance, an embrace of the masculine cisgender body, and a production of gender complementarity. Challenging historians of the devil like Jeffrey Burton Russell, this paper disrupts this expected outcome of Satanic figures as usually male (and occasionally female), and instead reintroduces the historically genderfucked Baphomet figure. This paper concludes by thinking through how the erasure of gender variance in the archives by contemporary Satanists provides an opportunity for Evangelical religious communities to claim sole ownership of a trans Baphomet.

  • Masculinity across Sexual Difference in the Bearded Image of St. Wilgefortis

    Abstract

    Through an analysis of the image and legend of St. Wilgefortis, the folk princess saint who prayed to be delivered from a forced marriage arranged by her/their father to another pagan king and received a beard as her/their answer, this paper will explore the ways the bearded crucifix of St. Wilgefortis is a dangerous figure that transgressed gender boundaries and social norms with God’s blessing to become a symbol of hope for the oppressed. Analyzing the image and legacy of St. Wilgefortis through Elizabeth Grosz’s work on the pliability and plasticity of bodies, this paper argues that St. Wilgefortis is a model case to demonstrate that masculinity does not belong maleness and that masculinity’s definition and cultural location is malleable and not fixed.

  • Unraveling the Crisis of Masculinity in the University of Oregon’s Keith Stimely Collection on Revisionist History and Neo-Fascist Movements

    Abstract

    This proposed paper explores a crisis of masculinity and heteronormativity in the University of Oregon’s Keith Stimely Collection on revisionist history and neo-fascist movements from the former chief editor for the *Journal of Historical Review* (JHR) which promoted revisionist historiography, most notably Holocaust denial. This critical discursive analysis highlights one of the more unexpected parts of the story Stimely’s archive tells us about American and European far-right political movements and networks in the 1970s and '80s which disseminated their ideas under the guise of scholarly discourse -- how a crisis of masculinity fueled inter- and intra-group hostilities at the Institute of Historical Review (IHR) after fellow organization leaders discovered that one of IHR founders was involved in gay porn. In doing so, I consider the historical spread of far-right fears involving sodomy, ‘gay infiltration,’ and/or ‘takeover’ during the outbreak of the AIDS epidemic through the means of late-stage print propaganda. 

  • Heavenly Bodies: Mormon Male Homoerotics in the Sacred Art of Arnold Friberg

    Abstract

    Sacred and devotional art turns the invisible of religious devotion and doctrine into material reality, reflecting both the theological and cultural ideals of a religious community. The art of Arnold Friberg has been used by the Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints to craft an idealized Muscular Mormon Man. The carved physiques of Friberg’s subjects highlight a fascination with the male form, celebrating hypermasculinity by exaggerating sexual difference: hard versus soft, active versus passive, and male versus female. Friberg created male figures which not only adhered to but superseded western standards of male beauty and virility, homoerotic in their careful and loving detailing of the male body. His work gained prominence in the mid-Twentieth Century at a time when the Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints was making efforts to assimilate into mainstream American culture and provided a template for creating idealized Muscular Mormon Men.

A24-421

Sunday, 5:00 PM - 6:30 PM

Hilton Bayfront-Indigo 202B (Second Level)

This panel explores the politics of materiality and material culture in the context of Middle Eastern Christianity, including the dynamics of violence and destructive acts on material culture in the context of manuscripts, the manuscript trade, cultural heritage management, and archaeology. The papers delve into historical, sociopolitical, and theological perspectives, offering critical insights into how these elements intersect with the preservation and destruction of cultural heritage.

  • Saint Catherine’s Monastery: A Tangible Testament to the Vitality of Eighth Century Christians in Egypt

    Abstract

    This paper examines the role and impact of Saint Catherine's monastery in the lives of eighth century Christians living in Egypt. By approaching this topic through the lens of material and embodied religion, Saint Catherine's can be identified as a sacred space as well as a tangible testament to the vitality of eighth century Christians in Egypt. This paper specifically examines the structure and location of the monastery, the Ashtiname of Muhammad, and information provided by Father Justin who currently lives at Saint Catherine's. Through these sources, the Holy Monastery is identified as a refuge for Christians in the midst of religious conflict as well as a memorialization of the deeply rooted history of migration, violence, memory, and home-making that Christians in Egypt have experienced throughout the past generations.

  • "Our Manuscripts Have Been in Great Danger in Recent Days": The Bibliotheque Orientale, Beirut, and the Trials of World War I

    Abstract

    In the vicinity of Beirut's Bibliothèque Orientale lies a collection of archives, including those of Louis Cheikho, a leading figure in Oriental studies and manuscript collection. While Cheikho's efforts are often portrayed as mere emulation of European models, a closer examination of the manuscripts challenges this narrative. Through archival research in Beirut and Vanves, France, Cheikho's collecting emerges as a quest to establish a religious and linguistic education framework, grounded in modernity and secularism. His diaries from 1914 to 1918 offer profound insights into the manuscripts' journey during wartime, reflecting on their significance amidst religious and cultural upheaval. This study highlights the intricate interplay between faith, identity, and cultural preservation, emphasizing the pivotal role of manuscripts as repositories of collective memory and agents of societal transformation.

  • From Populism with Coptic Characters to the Christian Origins of Socialism: Transformations of Revolutionary Orthodoxy in Egypt’s Republican Church

    Abstract

    This paper traces discourses on revolutionary politics in the Coptic Orthodox Church during the early Egyptian Republic (est. 1953). I argue that Egypt’s 1952 coup resonated with a Coptic community grappling with material corruption and spiritual decay, prompting a transformation of communal politics and religious thought in line with the period’s revolutionary ethos. This manifested in a populist wave in elections for the Coptic Communal Council and papacy that called for new blood, with a preference for younger candidates whose credentials were piety, spirituality, and ascetism rather than administrative experience. This was accompanied by a communal discourse that emphasized the affinities between socialism and Christianity, with clergy in particular arguing that Christianity constituted the origins of socialism in its purest form. While both currents were apparently inspired by the revolutionary period’s antiestablishment trajectory, I argue that their result was the incorporation of the Coptic Church into the ermerging authoritarian state.

A24-422

Sunday, 5:00 PM - 6:30 PM

Hilton Bayfront-Aqua 310B (Third Level)

"Matthew Harris, Second-Class Saints: Black Mormons and the Struggle for Racial Equality (Oxford University Press, 2024).

Farina King, Diné dóó Gáamalii: Navajo Latter-day Saint Experiences in the Twentieth Century (University Press of Kansas, 2023).

Ben Parks, American Zion: A New History of Mormonism (Liveright, 2024)."

 

A24-423

Sunday, 5:00 PM - 6:30 PM

Convention Center-30A (Upper Level East)

This roundtable explores the intricate nexus of scholarship and pedagogy in Florida's higher education, navigating legislative challenges with a focus on attacks on diversity, equity, and inclusion. Panelists from a regional public university and a private institution offer diverse perspectives. The panel includes tenured professors, an instructor, and an adjunct instructor, collectively illuminating the broader labor conditions in religious studies. Their experiences address challenges in course design, program advocacy, and the aftermath of legislative changes. Beyond Florida, the discussion acknowledges the nationwide impact of such legislation, emphasizing the need for collective awareness. The elimination of an Interfaith Center underscores the broader consequences, and faculty members share strategies for teaching hot-button topics in conservative environments. This roundtable invites an engaging exploration of resilience and vulnerability amid legislative shifts affecting faculty governance, teaching, and research.

A24-424

Sunday, 5:00 PM - 6:30 PM

Hilton Bayfront-Sapphire 402 (Fourth Level)

In this "Works in Progress" session, members and friends of PCR gather to share the year’s accomplishments and ongoing work in progress in the spirit of collegiality, collaboration, and learning. It will be followed by the business meeting and discussion of ideas for next year’s conference. All are welcome.

A24-425

Sunday, 5:00 PM - 6:30 PM

Hilton Bayfront-Sapphire 400A (Fourth Level)

The seminar engages Black, queer, Indigenous, and feminist approaches to the study of religions, inquiring whether the contemporary university facilitates or stymies the pursuit of these critical approaches. Each of these papers examines collaborative pedagogies involving multiple stakeholders, from incarcerated citizens, to Indigenous groups and other community-based organizations focused on “bottom-up” knowledge production.

  • Exploring Interfaith Climate Action through Community-Based Research and Collaborative Process Co-Design in Southern California

    Abstract

    More science communication and top-down policies are not enough to confront the climate crisis, and on their own often leave marginalized communities behind. As such, new modes of information output, research approaches, and knowledge production are needed. One example of such an approach is in Southern California, where a research initiative called the Wildland-Urban Interface Climate Action Network (WUICAN) is attempting to meet the all-encompassing threat of climate change with a networked response that is collaborative, extensive, and attentive to centers of knowledge production. WUICAN is a consortium of Tribal leaders, community-based organizations, university researchers, and faith groups engaged in climate action that centers community needs and challenges hierarchical structures. By developing new models of co-governance, capacity building, and a focus on community-based research, this approach seeks bottom-up collaboration over top-down solutions. A critical component of this initiative is an Interfaith Climate Action Working Group, which I will explore in my discussion.

  • Facilitating ‘Sacred’ Spaces for the Co-Creation of Environmental Justice Knowledge

    Abstract

    Drawing from Tweed’s concept of sacred space as “differentiated, kinetic, interrelated, generated, and generative,” I explore how publicly engaged scholars create ‘sacred’ spaces as dynamic meeting grounds between communities and the classroom by bridging knowledge gaps between academic spaces and the public sphere (2014). With the aim of shedding light on marginalized experiences and knowledge, I investigate deliberative pedological practices (Blanchet & Deters 2023; Akin & Talisse 2014) employed in my own classroom as a way of facilitating this middle ground, set apart from the ‘mundane’, that exemplifies the complexities of the humanities in action. I discuss the roles faith-based guest lecturers and anonymous paper exchanges with incarcerated students. Such examples are rooted in community-level responses (religious and secular) and the reinvisioned co-creation of knowledge production through identification of environmental justice issues and the populations impacted by them.

  • Indigenizing Environmental Justice Through Community Engaged Learning: A Case Study of a Collaborative Project Carried Out by an Undergraduate Class, the Ramapough, and Public School Teachers

    Abstract

    This paper is a case study in community engaged learning in a course on religion and environmental justice taught by the author. It presents and critically analyzes a project carried out in collaboration with multiple stakeholders, including an Indigenous group, the university’s community engagement office, public school teachers, and an interdisciplinary environmental institute. Aiming to begin to fill a gap identified by the Ramapough Lunaape in New Jersey in conversation with the author, the class partnered with the Ramapough to produce curricular materials for New Jersey public school teachers on Native Americans, spirituality, relationship to sacred sites, and environmental justice. This case study describes and analyzes the project and derives several conclusions aimed at informing community engaged coursework in religion and the environment.

A24-426

Sunday, 5:00 PM - 6:30 PM

Hilton Bayfront-Cobalt 520 (Fifth Level)

This session explores how religious identities, communities, and politics inform the production and use of everyday public spaces and infrastructures. Papers include an exploration of the yearly Ashura procession in Karachi as a marking of public space in the face of religious violence, an examination of the STAR Performing Arts Centre in Singapore as a secular space that serves religious purposes, and a proposal for attention to categories of social sin and structural sin in theological engagements with the ethical problem of automobile dominance.

  • Practicing Religion in a Religious City: Urban Transformation seen through Karachi’s Ashura Procession

    Abstract

    This paper looks at the religious-urbanization process around the Ashura procession of Karachi, Pakistan, a practice that underlines the magnified visibility of urban religion and its effects on communities, public space, and the city itself. In this heavily religious landscape, the procession presents two interesting elements of the urbanization process: the questioning of how society and the city adjust to and negotiate the increasingly multicultural, multifaith dimensions of their urban society; and the consideration of urban religious aspirations that inspire people’s practices of being in, belonging to, and experiencing the city. In investigating the spatial, social, and religious dynamics that are particular to this interaction between the procession and the city, I explore how religious cosmopolitanism and urban aspirations affecting a multitude of faiths are enacted and transformed through Karachi’s Ashura procession.

  • ‘A STAR is born’ – Religious place making, architecture, and infrastructure in Singapore

    Abstract

    This paper examines the intersection of religious place-making practices and material approaches in highly regulated urban contexts, focusing on the case study of The STAR Performing Arts Centre in Singapore. Originally a collaboration between CapitaLand Mall Asia and Rock Productions Pte Ltd, the business arm of New Creation Church (NCC), The STAR is celebrated as one of Singapore's architectural gems. Officially designated as ‘secular,’ it is an integrated retail and entertainment hub while serving as venue for NCC’s Sunday worship services. The analysis explores how The STAR, as a social-material assemblage, intertwines with secular, economic, religious, and cosmopolitan aspirations, serving diverse roles for various actors. The paper argues that distinctions between secular and religious spaces are fluid, challenging conventional categorizations of urban policy makers. Drawing on Marian Burchardt’s concept of ‘infrastructuring religion,’ it demonstrates how NCC’s practices imbue the building with religious significance, navigating zoning policies and bureaucratic classifications.

  • Toward a Theology of Mass Transit

    Abstract

    The dominance of personal passenger vehicles in many regions and cities causes serious ecological and social problems. This paper proposes a theology of mass transit that grapples with the ethical dilemmas around this issue. In proposing this theology, the paper builds on fragmentary and limited engagements that have existed so far to focus on two ethical imperatives: 1) The ecological impacts of automobile dominance on climate change and air quality are disproportionately suffered by poor and marginalized communities. 2) The social externalities of the costs and dangers of personal passenger vehicles are also overwhelmingly inflicted on poor residents. To respond to these issues, the paper proposes the need to account for them in terms of social or structural sin that calls for political solidarity in the development of adequate mass transit, as opposed to a focus on individual choice that would be appropriate in a context of wrongful individual behavior.

A24-427

Sunday, 5:00 PM - 6:30 PM

Hilton Bayfront-Indigo 204A (Second Level)

This panel addresses religion’s place in the politics of making memories and how memories shape religious communities and practices. One paper interrogates twentieth-century U.S. civil rights activist Rev. Dr. Murray’s use of memory in forming political and religious activism. A second paper examines the textual, ritual, and material practices of making and remaking the memory of a miracle in Coptic texts from the tenth through eighteenth centuries. A third considers how a guru’s devotees make his memory at his samadhi (burial site) through kinesthetic processes, spatial texts, and material relics. Together, these papers explore the dynamic and contested politics and practices of religious memories.

  • Pauli Murray's "Past Associations"

    Abstract

    In January 2024, the Rev. Dr. Pauli Murray had her/their visage minted to the back of a US quarter. This act is only the latest, high-profile piece of memory work around Murray, once a little-known civil and women’s rights lawyer, activist, and priest. Much of the discourse surrounding this upswell of memory is suffused with future-oriented, colonial language that frames Murray as a “trailblazer” and “pioneer” who was “ahead of her/their time.” The author contends this framing conceals as much as it reveals. Specifically, it obscures how crucial the past was to Murray and her/their activism. In conversation with Walter Benjamin, Saidiya Hartman, and Anne Karpf, the author contests this concealing rhetoric by analyzing the key role history and memory played in Murray’s legal and religious activism and in her/their survival in a white supremacist, heteronormative society as revealed in her/their family memoir _Proud Shoes_.

  • Moving Mountains and the Politics of Memory

    Abstract

    Coptic hagiographical texts from Islamic Egypt record a curious miracle—Christians prayed for a mountain to move, and it did! The earliest account comes from the tenth century and the accounts continued expanding until the 18th century, gaining more fantastical elements in the meantime. Over time, it entered the liturgical calendar, ritual fasts, and sacred geography, thus ensuring its embeddedness in Coptic cultural memory until today. In this paper, I argue that the development of this narrative over time—textually, ritually, and materially—was a function of the politics of religious memory. Using the theories of Jan Assman and Michel-Rolph Trouillot, I trace the role of politics in the formation, preservation, and transformation of this narrative as it developed and became embedded in Coptic cultural memory.

  • Making Space: Everyday Remembering Practices at Rupa Goswami’s Memorial Site

    Abstract

    This paper draws on ongoing ethnographic research on the samadhi or burial site of Rupa Goswami (1489-1564), a venerated saint belonging to the 16th-century Gaudiya Vaishnava tradition.  It uses observation, interviews, photos, and video to provide a first-hand account of memory-making practices performed by devotees.  Three modes of remembrance will be explored:  kinesthetic, narrative, and material relics.  The paper will seek to argue that a generative link exists between memory and place using the theoretical principles of memoryscape and place-memory drawn from the emerging fields of memory and landscape studies. The significance of this paper lies in advancing the field of samadhi studies and growing our understanding of how guru-centered ritual practices are captured in architectural settings.