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This is the most up-to-date schedule for the 2023 AAR Annual Meeting. If you have questions about the program, contact annualmeeting@aarweb.org. All times are listed in Central Standard Time.

AO26-303

Wednesday, 2:00 PM - 3:15 PM (June Online Meeting)

Online June Session

Emerging Womanist Scholars are invited to participate with papers presented at the June online Womanist Approaches session as we focus upon raising our voices in turbulent times.  Centering emerging womanist voices exert promising insights into religious spheres, political action, discourses and activities of social change, and the “beyond,” which is our hope for a sustainable future for our planet.

  • Abstract

    This abstract provides an overview of the paper's focus, approach, and the importance of utilizing artificial intelligence (AI) within the framework of womanist theology to offer new and creative insights into women's stories in the Bible. This paper examines the inventive application of artificial intelligence (AI) in womanist theology, specifically in reinventing and reinterpreting the narratives of oppressed women in the Bible. Womanist theology, based on Black women's lived experiences and unique views, aims to examine and confront the interconnectedness of race, gender, and class within theological discussions.

  • Abstract

    There is a lack of research regarding the spiritual care of Black women athletes from a womanist perspective. White supremacy in sports has harmed Black women athletes, leaving them to carry the "Strong Black Woman" cloak in the public eye without wholistic care. This presentation carefully engages in the work of womanist scholars Grant, Watson Ali, Floyd-Thomas, and others to demonstrate the necessity for a "Womanist Sports Ethic of Care." This ethic of care can attend to their spiritual needs, help them find balance in being physically and mentally strong for their sport, and embrace self-love, compassion, and healing. The method used for this paper involves a critical analysis of scholarly writings in theology, psychology, and history, along with quotes from Black women athletes from books, newspapers, online journals, and social media. This interdisciplinary method is needed to consider all aspects of Black women's experiences in sports.

AO26-400

Wednesday, 3:30 PM - 4:45 PM (June Online Meeting)

Online June Session

Each of the two papers in this session explores a distinct alternative or challenge to capitalism. One expounds on Indonesian independence leader Mohammad Hatta's vision of humanizing cooperatives, in conversation with du Bois and Polanyi. The other explicates a "working-class sacred" in Robert Frost's poem "Stopping by Woods on a Snowy Evening," reading it with Heidegger and Weil. Taken together, the papers show the importance of theorizing class and anti-capitalism in plural geographic-cultural contexts, with interventions at plural structural positions, using plural methods, and drawing on plural theoretical streams.

  • Abstract

    What kind of alternative political economy can liberate us from the contemporary violent, dehumanizing, and totalizing capitalistic world? I argue that Mohammad Hatta's vision for humanizing cooperatives might be one of the most efficacious models. Like Franz Fanon, Hatta was a postcolonial thinker in the post-World War 2. Being a key political economist in the Indonesian independence movement, he served as the Indonesian first vice president. Like Fanon, Hatta sees the sociogenic psychological contortion that colonized subjects endured in their humanity. However, unlike Fanon, Hatta sees socio-economic relationships in cooperatives as the most effective humanizing agent in postcolonial nation-building projects. Addressing both communal and individual dignity, active membership in cooperatives heals dehumanized victims of the violent extractive colonial world. This presentation will argue for the importance of Hatta's vision in the contemporary global political economy. 

  • Abstract

    This paper analyzes Robert Frost's canonical poem "Stopping by Woods on a Snowy Evening" in relation to two competing forces: capitalism and the sacred. Frost's poetry criticizes the destructive rituals of capitalism, both for workers and ecologies, and moreover, explores how moments of radical possibility emerge unexpectedly in the form of the sacred, a sacred I specify as the "working-class sacred." This paper reads Frost's poem in dialogue with Heidegger's contemporaneous Being and Time and the theology of Simone Weil. As these disparate thinkers disclose, the sacred becomes an important force and form in revealing class inequalities and moreover, in gesturing towards futures delinked from such class-based violences.

AO26-402

Wednesday, 3:30 PM - 4:45 PM (June Online Meeting)

Online June Session

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  • Abstract

    In his February 2024 address to the Lok Sabha, Indian Prime Minister Narendra Modi claimed, “the world discusses what India has done for transgenders... we have given transgenders an identity.” While many trans activists have contested the veracity of Modi’s statement, his remarks reveal the role of what Nishant Upadhyay calls “homohindunationalism” in Hindu nationalist discourses. In this paper, I propose a refined understanding of homohindunationalism as an ideology that posits Hinduism as inherently tolerant against a simultaneously queerphobic (and especially transphobic) yet perverse Islam, not through claims that Hinduism is liberal or cosmopolitan in the Western sense, but rather by appealing to an imagined ancient tolerant Hindu tradition. In particular, I argue that paying greater attention to discourses of indigeneity can help us better understand why some queer subjects are transformed into examples of Hinduism’s “tolerance” while other queer subjects are marked as threats to the nation.

  • Abstract

    “What liturgies, rituals, sacraments do you wish existed for trans folks in the church?” While the answers to this question range from ‘all of them’ – referring to desiring access to the seven sacraments of the church for transgender Catholics – to ‘a truth and reconciliation commission’, over 90% of respondents indicated a desire for some sort of ritual recognition of their true selves within a liturgical context. Rather than pursue some sort of extra-liturgical blessing a la Fiducia Supplicans, transgender Catholics are yearning for a liturgical (and potentially sacramental) blessing of their true selves, as an outward sign that yes, transgender Catholics are a valued part of the church. Drawing on ethnographic research, this project examines the lived experiences of trans Catholics, the queer sacramentality of zoom interviews, and proposes a liturgy of renaming with the renewal of baptismal promises that could be used in Catholic spaces.

  • Abstract

    Since its rapid expansion in the decades after the Second World War, the lay Buddhist organization Soka Gakkai has maintained a dominant presence in Japan’s religious landscape. Adherents have dedicated themselves to the Gakkai’s institutional expansion through cultivation within its starkly gendered administrative divisions. This paper asks what happens to Gakkai adherents whose gender is different from the one they were assigned at birth by introducing transgender and gender non-conforming devotees whose contrasting takes on Soka Gakkai’s Buddhist teachings challenge conventional temporalities and institutional parameters. This study suggests ways sectarian and political conflicts must be reframed by prioritizing the hermeneutic of subjects whose very existence challenges fixity, and how their perspectives on karmic causality invite reappraisals of gendered operative categories.

AO26-401

Wednesday, 3:30 PM - 4:45 PM (June Online Meeting)

Online June Session

Although violence is a commonly used concept in the scholarly and public spheres, its definition shifts profoundly with the value-laden politically-saturated boundaries of its users and critics. Violence is never a neutral concept, and it is most often used to name and condemn violations across the spectrum from the physical and corporeal, to the symbolic and linguistic. Beyond its conceptual range, violence also serves as a convenient polemical term that is radically open to both careful uses and disquieting abuses. In his 2023 book _Ontologies of Violence_, Maxwell Kennel explores these problems through detailed and comparative interpretations of the works of Jacques Derrida, Mennonite pacifists, and Grace Jantzen – all in order to reframe violence as a diagnostic concept that reflects the values of its users, but cannot be abandoned to relativity. This panel discusses, critiques, and extends this paradigm with contributions from scholars of anthropology, race, critical theory, and decoloniality.

AO26-500

Wednesday, 5:00 PM - 6:15 PM (June Online Meeting)

Online June Session

Most of the world’s major religions teach nonviolence. Social activists and political scientists have been working on this topic as well. In today’s world, where wars, social discrimination, economic inequity, and differing values create increasing polarization, how should we understand nonviolence? How should we envision and practice it? How would nonviolence help us move toward a more just society?

In this plenary panel, the renowned South Korean Sŏn (Chinese Chan, Japanese Zen) master Venerable Pomnyun shares his views on violence, nonviolence, and social justice. Pomnyun is not only a Sŏn master but a humanitarian activist whose organization has been actively involved with humanitarian aid for North Korea. He has been doing world tours to engage with people on various issues they encounter in their lives and to provide advice from Buddhist perspectives. In the hopes of reviving the spirit of traditional Chan dialogic learning, in addition to Pomnyun’s talk this panel includes pre-solicited questions from participants and will hear Pomnyun’s views on the issues raised by the submitted questions.

AO26-501

Wednesday, 6:30 PM - 7:45 PM (June Online Meeting)

Online June Session

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AO27-101

Thursday, 9:30 AM - 10:45 AM (June Online Meeting)

Online June Session

The AAR Chinese Christianities Unit is pleased to host the AAR launch of the Liu Institute Series on Chinese Christianities at Notre Dame Press. In this roundtable launch of the series, we will cover the first five books in the series. We hope that the panel will also serve as a state-of-the-field reflection on the development of Chinese Christianities as an academic field and its robust activity in the last nine years. As series editor, Alexander Chow has agreed to speak on behalf of the first three books and will make the argument that each of books addresses and presents challenges to core issues in Chinese Christianities. Justin Tse will talk about how his book relocates Chinese Christianities to the Pacific Rim and opens possibilities for the series to examine ‘Chineseness’ from throughout the worlds that literary scholar Shu-Mei Shih has dubbed the ‘Sinophone.’ Jin Lu will discuss how her forthcoming book foregrounds how inculturation is a translingual process. We will have a respondent engage the five books being launched on the panel from a postcolonial theological perspective.

AO17-100

Thursday, 9:30 AM - 10:45 AM (June Online Meeting)

Online June Session

This is a closed meeting for members of the status of people with disabilities in the profession committee. This status committee works to assure the full access and belonging of people with disabilities within the Academy and to advance their status within their professions. For information on how to get involved with this committee, please reach out to committee chair, Nick Shrubsole, at Nicholas.Shrubsole@ucf.edu

AO27-102

Thursday, 11:00 AM - 12:15 PM (June Online Meeting)

Online June Session

A growing number of Christian theologians in the Middle East have deployed liberation theology, contextual theology, and other theologies of liberation as a means of understanding their fraught political, social, and economic contexts across the region. In this panel theologians, including those based in the Middle East, will share their engagements with theology to challenge and reconsider current conditions of oppression and injustice. Panelists will address the strengths and difficulties in such theological engagement and consider the historical development of liberation theologies in the region and contemporary questions, like the possibility of Arab Christian women's ordination.

  • Abstract

    The Orthodox Youth Movement (OYM) was established in 1942 with the mission of reviving the Orthodox Church of Antioch. Liberation theology and the Medellin 1968 documents on peace and justice found strong echos in the catholic clergy circles in Lebanon. The Document “On the Commitment to the issues of the Earth” was adopted by OYM general convention held 26-29 December, 1970. This paper will argue that liberation theology has resonated strongly in the conscience of the leaders of OYM and was instrumental in shaping the commitment of the movement to social justice, condemning Lebanese confessional political system as well as its views on Palestine. It will highlight also its impact on the internal life of the movement and the broader orthodox church and ecumenical involvement.

  • Abstract

    After the Six Day War, French Left Christians were many to side with “Arab refugees”, by contrast with the majority of Catholics and Protestants in France. In May 1970, these Christian progressives, either lay or clergy, Western Catholics, Western Protestants and members of Eastern diasporas, represented a third of the 400 attendees to the First World Conference of Christians for Palestine, held in Beirut. The organization committee was even divided between Paris and Beirut, its general secretary being (Roman Catholic) George Montaron, editor-in-chief of Témoignage Chrétien, at odds with the Catholic hierarchy in France. The second conference was equally Western, in London (1972). To what extent can these forgotten French Left Christians really be considered as temporary links and connections in the global, decades-long history of Palestinian Liberation? or were they rather just a local expression of dissent, displaying support for Palestine while addressing mostly national, European-based issues?

     

  • Abstract

    Recently, there have been instances of women being appointed as pastors in Evangelical churches in certain Middle Eastern countries, such as Lebanon, Syria, Palestine, and Jordan. Although the initial call for women's ordination originated from Egypt, the Synod of the Nile (the Presbyterian Church in Egypt) has decided to postpone the discussion on this matter for a period of 10 years. The debate within the synod and the wider Evangelical community has focused on the issue of women's ordination from both biblical and ecumenical pastoral perspectives. This paper seeks to discern the most significant barrier confronting women in Egypt, which is fundamentally grounded in Islamic principles and the Islamic perception of masculinity. To achieve this goal, the author intends to employ The Gospel of Mark as an indispensable resource for constructing a comprehensive understanding of the historical Jesus and for reinterpreting the meaning of manhood in the region.

  • Abstract

    In this paper, I bring together the indecent theology of Marcella Althaus-Reid and the annually celebrated story of Saint Barbara in Palestine. In this transformative encounter, I attempt to draw out one possible indecent decolonial option for Palestinian theology, one that is be able to reflect on Palestinian women’s experiences of gender violence sponsored by the state of Israel and by relating the Christian Palestinian tradition. Thus, I argue that the story of Saint Barbara is a story of a Palestinian woman martyr, murdered by her family under the accusation of tainting the family’s honor, carried out hand in hand with the state authorities. Moreover, I challenge the masculine view of martyrdom in Palestinian Liberation Theology as male heroic glorification by indecenting the tradition of Saint Barbara and uncovering female martyrdom as defiant and subversive, hence, confronting the gender and sexual oppression of Israeli society and Palestinian Christianity.

AO27-104

Thursday, 11:00 AM - 12:15 PM (June Online Meeting)

Online June Session

This moderated roundtable provides audience members an opportunity to explore successful career paths that are both independent of and yet related to and participating in traditional academia in the field of Religious Studies, through the prism of yoga studies and allied fields of inquiry. Each participant is doing this in various ways, and the roundtable presents their collective and individual experience for the benefit of both junior and senior scholars. Central to the experience of all roundtable participants, comprised of both women and men, is their wealth of experience working in online education on a number of well-known online educational platforms. Each presenter will spend several minutes describing their background, alternative career path, and tips for success for aspiring scholar entrepreneurs. Following these short presentations, the presider will moderate a conversation with the audience and between participants.

AO27-200

Thursday, 12:30 AM - 1:45 PM (June Online Meeting)

Online June Session

Can subalterns sing? Can we hear nonhuman subalterns? This papers session creates a unique interreligious and intercontinental conversation on liberation, liberative performance, subalterns, and eco-liberation. "Can the Subaltern Sing" employs the concept of heterotopia to investigate the pivotal role of Dalit music and alternative spaces in fostering resistance and empowerment within Dalit communities. "The Earth as New Margins" reflects on (1) what the earth is in the Qur’an, (2) how Muslims have historically and conceptually interpreted it, and (3) what contemporary Muslim eco-theological approaches to understanding the earth in relation to environmental violence, injustice, and the margins are. 

The respondent will bring the two papers into critical conversation on liberation theologies from multiple perspectives.

  • Abstract

    This paper employs the concept of heterotopia to investigate the pivotal role of Dalit music and alternative spaces in fostering resistance and empowerment within Dalit communities. Through an analysis of the Casteless Collective's provocative music and utilization of diverse platforms, including social media and live performances, this study delves into the intersection of caste, gender, class, and ecological perspectives within Dalit musical traditions. Drawing from Michel Foucault's notion of heterotopia as counter-sites that challenge societal norms, the paper examines how these spaces enable Dalit artists to subvert oppressive structures and amplify marginalized voices. By exploring the Dalit sonic liberation theology, the paper seeks to harness the power of sound and rhythm to dismantle caste, gender, class, and ecological injustices, offering new pathways for theological discourse. Through a feminist Dalit lens, this research illuminates the transformative potential of music and alternative spaces in envisioning an anti-caste society and amplifying the voices of the silenced.

  • Abstract

    What is the earth in the Qur’an? How have Muslims historically and conceptually interpreted it? What are contemporary Muslim eco-theological approaches to understanding the earth in relation to environmental violence, injustice, and the margins? The earth has always been humanity's home and return. It is at once our source of origin in material reality and our departure point for the Afterlife. Nevertheless, there is a dearth of scholarship on the earth concept in Islam from a systematic perspective. The environmentalist concept of the earth is still a nascent and emerging category in Islamic theology, law, and ecotheologies. This paper first introduces the historical and theoretical foundations of the earth concept in Islam by briefly examining its meaning in the Qur’an, Islamic law, theology and mysticism. However, the main aim of this paper is to argue for an ecoliberation theology reading of the earth.

AO27-201

Thursday, 12:30 AM - 1:45 PM (June Online Meeting)

Online June Session

The past several years have witnessed the remarkable recovery of participatory ontologies, a key conceptual element of the Platonic tradition. Participation constitutes a radically non-dualistic way of conceptualizing the relationship between God and creation, transcendence and immanence, the One in the many. It represents a theological and philosophical resource with a over 2,000 years history. This panel welcomes submissions that consider the metaphysics of participation in the thought of religions, individuals and movements from antiquity to the present. We also highly encourage the submission of papers relating to the Platonic and Neoplatonic traditions generally, in both historical and constructive contexts. 

  • Abstract

    In Bergson’s famous analysis of time, he critiqued what he saw as a spatialization of time and its transformation into divisible, measurable units. This, according to Bergson, was to impose our intellectual, quantitative thinking onto a fundamentally qualitative reality. Time, or what Bergson called duration (durée), is mobile and living rather than an aggregate of individual “moments.” Yet in this paper, we suggest that Bergson’s critique of spatialized time can equally and ironically be applied to his own concept of space and that Henry More, the Cambridge Platonist, offers a concept of space that escapes these objections. We further argue that Bergson’s account of durée cannot be understood from a purely immanent framework. Instead, it is most intelligible if one interprets it through a Platonic framework. Here, again, we suggest that More offers a historical corrective to Bergsonism and a path forward for studies in his philosophy.

  • Abstract

    Challenging the widespread view that Clement of Alexandria (c. 150-c. 215) juxtaposes desiring eros and dispassionate agape, this paper argues that the Platonic language and concept of eros remains throughout Clement’s conception of the Christian’s transformation of desire through assimilation to God. Rather than view eros as a stage to be overcome, Clement’s eros admits of a threefold ordering as mythical, philosophic, and divine, with divine eros being intimately associated with the Incarnation of the Logos. It is through association with Christ and in imitation of the pattern of Christ that eros becomes most divine, which in turn causes philanthropia and even agape to take on a distinctly erotic shape.

  • Abstract

    The traditional view of creation depicts an original Edenic state, free from death and predation, but contemporary evolutionary theory challenges this perspective. The existence of death, predation, and extinction long before humanity raises questions about the character of God and the origins of these phenomena. To reconcile the disparaging antimony between evolution’s violent history and a doctrine of the Fall, Sergei Bulgakov proposed a meta-historical Fall that transcends empirical history, involves both angelic and Edenic realms, and stands beyond the confines of scientific analysis. By incorporating evolutionary science into his sophiology, Bulgakov can situate both the Fall and evolutionary history in a wider cosmic scope in which evolution is perceived as the manifestation of a divine inner plan within the midst of fallen conditions. This paper concludes with a proposal for overcoming Bulgakov’s strong anthropocentric tendencies by emphasizing a stronger understanding of the world-soul with an appeal to contemporary panpsychism. 

  • Abstract

    What we can, have, and should do with our capacity for soul-craft are key questions this talk will explore by sketching the broad trajectory of participatory ritual, scripture, and rhetoric that can traced back to debates about theurgy in Neoplatonism and forward to the possibilities that have emerged within various strands of contemporary Ecopoetics. After briefly exploring Iamblichus’s theurgy and Boehme’s theosophy attention is placed on how Coleridge makes the category of Reflection central to theosis. Why he does so can be better understood by making connections to theoretical conversations surrounding cybernetics. I argue that understanding the technologies, techniques and mediations that can inform our experience of theosis benefits from a consideration of how cybernetics could help clarify our thinking.

AO27-202

Thursday, 12:30 AM - 1:45 PM (June Online Meeting)

Online June Session

This roundtable explores how pedagogies in religious studies can engage the pedagogies of architectural practice and the study of architectural history and theory. It brings together educators with backgrounds in religious studies, architectural practice, urban and architectural theory, and computing and information sciences in order to do so. Following the roundtable contributions, we will open a collaborative session with the audience to create, in real-time, a cross-disciplinary and open-access syllabus outlining a new approach to teaching religion, space, and place.

AO27-300

Thursday, 2:00 PM - 3:15 PM (June Online Meeting)

Online June Session

This session consists of a myriad of themes and methodologies in the field of Christian spirituality. Introducing for the first time in the unit is a paper on Artificial Intelligence, a prelude to the November full session on the same topic. A second paper explores how spirituality mediates mobility and structural immigration policies and processes. A third paper critically analyzes corporate spirituality: an advanced look at how spirituality emerges in the workplace.  

  • Abstract

    Using a collaboration between an artist and scholar of religious studies as a case study, the ongoing “Noo Icons” media arts project explores how AI image-making tools are well suited to explore the visual history of the religious transcendent. Building on the scholarship of Hito Steyerl and Eryk Salvaggio, AI art’s usage as a diagnostic tool for deciphering internet biases is compared to the scholar of religious studies' theoretical method of redaction criticism. This article explores ways in which the training set data of AI image-making programs can be refined to produce more accurate composite images, as well as the power for these tools to be used as visual aids in the creation of “imagined realities:” images for which we have credible eyewitness testimony, but which we do not have photographic evidence for. The ethics of AI image-making is primary to the methodology advanced in this interdisciplinary mode.

  • Abstract

    With the explosive growth of “spiritual consultants,” “ancient technologists,” “sacred entrepreneurs,” and “directors of possibility,” any conversation regarding the ways religion materializes in the workplace demands a critical engagement with such an explicit effort to manage workspace by introducing corporate spirituality. This essay suggests that Barbara and John Ehrenreich’s work on the “professional-managerial class,” or PMC, can offer a useful foothold for understanding spiritual consultation and its role in the reproduction and maintenance of capitalist culture and capitalist class relations. The direct and targeted involvement of the PMC spiritualist is looking to expertly style the spiritual formation of work spaces in such a way as to not only maintain the capitalist order but to increase profits as well. This essay hopes to take seriously the theological and religious work of these “spiritual entrepreneurs” by outlining the basic dimensions of PMC spirituality.

  • Abstract

    The paper considers colonized bodies on the move from the Global South as it explores how religion mediates mobility and structural immigration policies and processes. I argue that imperial processes for colonized bodies on the move engender what I call rites of mobility—a performance of contestation of dominant structures, negotiation of imposed dominant labels, and re-construction of placemaking and belonging.

    Based on fieldwork research in a Ghanaian neo-Pentecostal church known as the Power Chapel Worldwide in Kumasi, popular for its innovative travel ritual praxis, I explore the phenomenon and suggest that imperial constructs of migration processes, especially for marginalized groups are contested and (re)negotiated in local religious spaces. The questions the paper seeks to answer are how do Ghanaian Pentecostal ritual agents negotiate, contest, and redefine impeding structures of migration, and when are the practices performed?

AO27-301

Thursday, 2:00 PM - 3:15 PM (June Online Meeting) (Virtual)

Online June Session

This panel will feature three presentations: "Bowing to the Sage: Confucius Veneration Ceremony in San Franciscoʻs Chinese Diasporic Community (1982-Present)," "Review on the Theory of Self-Cultivation of Islamic-Confucian," and "Reimagining Femininity: Toward an East Asian Feminist Discourse Beyond Masculine Constructs."

  • Abstract

    This paper delves into the enduring practice of Confucian veneration ceremonies within the Chinese diaspora of San Francisco, sustained for over 40 years. It critically examines the ceremonies' dual role as both a cultural tradition and a stage for power dynamics within the diaspora's social organizations and in relation to broader society. Drawing on a published archive for the first ceremony in 1982, namely Chronology of the World Confucian Veneration Movement, supplemented by personal archives and oral histories collected in March 2023, and participant observations from September 2023, the study offers an in-depth exploration of the ceremony's transmission, influence and present situation. It commences with the cultural importance of Confucian rituals in immigrant communities and provides insight into how such rituals are leveraged by diasporic social groups to articulate and negotiate their internal and external power structures, presenting a unique perspective on cultural continuity and adaptation.

       
  • Abstract

    Presently, there are diverse interpretations and responses within academia concerning the concepts of "self-cultivation and realm" and "moral cultivation and spiritual exercise." Since the Islamic Confucian philosophical system lacks an internal transformation and adjustment mechanism of "Ontology-Cultivation-Realm", it can only be discussed within the content of Sufi practice. However, the Sufi approach does not meet the needs of all the modern Chinese Muslims although the relationship between the two is closely intertwined, the actions of a select few individuals may not entirely address the cognitive and emotional needs of the majority. Conversely, the ethical transformation in Chinese translated texts during the Ming and Qing Dynasty broadens its scope beyond mosque attendees to encompass a wider spectrum of believers. This shift has significant implications for the philosophy of self-cultivation.

  • Abstract

    This paper will attempt to translate East Asian thinking into a new cultural setting where feminist and pluralist discourses prevail by pointing out certain limitations of Western feminist discourse and comparatively reinventing femininity as an alternative concept. Firstly, Western mainstream epistemology and ontology will be critically reviewed from the gender perspective. The paper will argue Western mainstream thought operates through masculine discourse and that some feminism is actually a byproduct of and reinforces it. Next, it will examine East Asian gendered cosmology, systematically completed in Neo-Confucianism and discuss how the gender binary framework of yinyang can remove the charge of essentialism and modify Western masculine discourse and feminism. It will be argued that the Dao can offer a new feminist paradigm. Here, femininity is not an antithesis of masculinity in the confrontational male-female dichotomy, but an alternative discourse at a larger level that transcends and encompasses that dichotomy.

AO27-302

Thursday, 2:00 PM - 3:15 PM (June Online Meeting)

Online June Session

This panel explores the complex dynamics between social justice, identity, and ritual practices within contemporary Muslim communities. One paper delves into the experiences of an Iranian seminarian woman as she navigates the intersections of religious conservatism and secularism. Another paper examines the ongoing debate surrounding Islamophobia and anti-Muslim racism, questioning whether Islam should be considered a religion or a racial or ethnic group. It discusses how legal categories, biological essentialism, and dehumanization impact marginalized groups, complicating the articulation of the relationship between Islamophobia and anti-Muslim racism in contemporary social justice discourse. A third paper shifts the focus to the devotional practices and mourning rituals of young Shiʿa Muslims in Tehran, Iran, exploring how these youths balance state-sponsored Islamism and secular neoliberal influences, demonstrating a nuanced engagement with individual agency, religious conservatism, and neoliberal logics. Together, these papers offer a thought-provoking exploration of how contemporary Muslims articulate and enact social justice.

  • Abstract

    Shi‘a tradition promises divine rewards for mourning the martyrdom of Shi‘a holy figures. Yet, the young participants of Shi‘a rituals in Tehran mostly emphasize how participating in rituals brings liveliness, success, and peace to their daily lives. Given the historical centrality of suffering in Shi‘a rituals, how could we understand these mourners’ emphasis on rituals’ worldly benefits? Drawing on my fieldwork in Tehran, I elucidate how my interlocutors’ narratives invoke two discursive resources: state-sponsored Islamist activism, which prescribes positive emotions as a prerequisite for realizing particular religious-political ambitions, and neoliberal productivism, which promotes the self-management of emotions as a means to maximizing material advantage. I argue that my interlocutors’ narratives allow them to employ and challenge both Islamist and neoliberal discourses; they use a productivist logic to resist secular criticisms that dismiss Shi‘a mourning rituals as irrational and anti-modern, yet their individualist interpretations challenge normative conceptions of these collective rituals.

  • Abstract

    This paper contributes to the debates on the use of the terms Islamophobia and anti-Muslim racism in both popular and academic spheres through an examination of how legal categories, biological essentialism, and the logic of dehumanization inform the description and self-description of marginalized groups. I draw connections between a number of seemingly disparate phenomena — that I argue are intricately connected through a scientistic logic — ranging from the controversy on academic freedom and tolerance after a US university fired an instructor for showing Prophet Muhammad’s image in class, debates about the effect of age on women’s reproductive capacities, arguments over the existence of “gay genes” in LGBTQ rights discourse, and the differential treatment of women and children in wars, to illustrate what is at stake in the struggle to articulate Islamophobia and anti-Muslim racism, the distinction between chosen and imposed — or visible and invisible — identities, and the politics of translation.

  • Abstract

    This presentation is part of a chapter of a forthcoming book (2024) about *howzevi* or seminarian women who use their Islamic education to do the work of supporting the Islamic Republic of Iran. They are women historically caricatured as puppets of the Islamic Republic. Based on fifteen months of ethnographic fieldwork in Tehran, I complicate this narrative by demonstrating how a young seminarian woman's use of Islamic knowledge helped her navigate religious conservatism in a women’s seminary and secularism in her extracurricular English classes. In doing so, I argue for the importance of anthropology’s humanizing endeavor at a time in Iran when it has become easy to disregard women’s diverse experiences.

AO27-400

Thursday, 3:30 PM - 4:45 PM (June Online Meeting)

Online June Session

Pentecostals place much emphasis on the spirit and the moving of the spirit in an individual's life. Yet at the same time, individuals of the faith are products of their socieities as well as their religion.  This panel looks at the tension between Pentecostal beliefs in the spiritual and their regional or national identities.

  • Abstract

    The shift of world Christianity towards the Global South and its rising significance in Asia introduces the “Global East” concept, highlighting Asia’s key role and encouraging comparisons with Africa. This underscores striking connections and differences between these two regions, particularly within the context of global Pentecostalism. Pentecostalism greatly contributes to the rise of indigenous churches in non-Western World, notably AICs and China’s Three-self Movement, due to its proximity to local traditions. However, its American-dominated narrative often fails to fully capture the essence of indigenous movements, leading to a paradoxical relationship of both convergence and divergence. Therefore, a Pneuma-centric reconceptualization of Christian identity is essential in the Global South and East, going beyond traditional Pentecostalism towards a unique, non-western spirituality found in Africa’s “Spiritual Churches” and Asia’s “spiritual Christians.” This approach, emphasizing Spirit-centered practices and local expressions, seeks authentic Christianity that reflects global diversity and continues the apostolic age’s legacy.

  • Abstract

    Described as the “common cold” of mental health problems, depression is a burgeoning issue in the United States. Although depression is commonly pathologized as a biochemical, clinical disorder, there are claims that personal, social, and cultural contexts shape depression and that it is the contemporary society that makes people depressed. However, there is little research exploring how the Pentecostal social context might contribute to or shape Pentecostals’ experiences of depression. This dissertation contributes to this research gap. It uses Grounded Theory to facilitate an interpretative interaction between the researcher and the data to answer the research question of how Pentecostals living in the United States experience, understand, and respond to depression. The emergent theory helps explain the participants’ depression experiences and the meaning they created around those experiences while also exploring how their meanings and actions are embedded and shaped within larger social constructs. 

AO27-402

Thursday, 3:30 PM - 4:45 PM (June Online Meeting)

Online June Session

While Friedrich Schleiermacher’s place in the modern study of religion is well-established, his original contributions to aesthetics, and the close interconnections of aesthetics with religion in his writings, have received significantly less attention in English-language scholarship. This session draws upon the recent critical edition of Schleiermacher’s writings on aesthetics to explore his distinctive understanding of art and religion, and the various points of connection between his reflections on aesthetics and his better-known theological works. It centers especially on Schleiermacher’s novel reflections on music in both his theological writings and his writings on aesthetics, and on the significant links between music and religion in his thought. 

  • Abstract

     

    The paper will discuss Friedrich Schleiermacher’s views on music as expressed in his Lectures on Aesthetics (1819-33), and compare them with his lectures on practical divinity and other writings. Schleiermacher perceived an organic link between music and religion. In On Religion: Speeches to Its Cultured Despisers (1799), he used the term “music of religion” when discussing the nature of his religious feelings, and described a “language of the heart” that linked human and religious affections. The paper will also discuss Schleiermacher’s views on music in the context of German Romanticism in his efforts to explain the centrality of music and religion.

AO27-401

Thursday, 3:30 PM - 4:45 PM (June Online Meeting)

Online June Session

This session will highlight the experiences of several scholars who have been subject to "the Palestine taboo." In their presentations they will recount what happened at their respective schools when they presented the Palestinian perspective in their teaching about the Middle East or their role as public intellectuals. Each presenter will describe and analyze their experience, examine their students' reactions and discuss the consequences they faced at their institutions. The panel will also focus on possibilities for change.

AO27-501

Thursday, 5:00 PM - 6:15 PM (June Online Meeting)

Online June Session

The three papers to be discussed in the online meeting of our Seminar consider in various ways the interactions of divine and earthly realities in the _Mahābhārata_. The text presents a divine plan for intervention in earthly struggles, a theme of enduring interest in later texts; might it have been patterned on Greek literary antecedents? The _MBh_ also orients the audience to the setting of that struggle by describing the land in both geographical and cosmological dimensions. All three papers share themes of the interconnectedness of heavenly and earthly realms in the _Mahābhārata_.

  • Abstract

    Prior to the Bhagavadgītāparvan (6.14–40) in the Mahābhārata’s book 6 (Bhīṣmaparvan), which itself contains the BhG proper (6.23–40), there are two sections referred to as the Jambūkhaṇḍavinirmāṇaparvan (6.1–11), the 'book on the measuring out of the continent of the rose-apple tree' and the Bhūmiparvan (6.12–13), the ‘book of the earth'. Much of the scholarly attention on these parvans has been concerned with matters of source criticism of the so-called “cosmographical episode” from Mbh 6.6 to 6.13, which bridges the two sections (e.g., Hilgenberg 1934; Belvalkar 1939, 1947). In this paper I propose to consider both these parvans within the context of their narration, especially as a preamble to the war (and the intervening episode of the BhG), where they work to develop and anticipate the human, earthly, and cosmological consequences of the battle, and emphasise the land over which the battle will be fought.

  • Abstract

    The Mahābhārata's Ādiparvan description of the descent of the gods (aṃśāvataraṇa, MBh 1.58-61) is retold in the Harivaṃśa (HV 40-45), which expands significantly upon the epic's plan of and rationale for divine intervention. The first task of this paper is to underscore how and why the Harivaṃśa modifies and amplifies the Mahābhārata aṃśāvataraṇa. Secondly, however, I treat a number of sources which refine the aṃśāvataraṇa intervention account. Some of these have been treated already by Paul Hacker (e.g. the Rāmopākhyāna within the Mahābhārata, MBh 3.258-260 and Brahma Purāṇa 180-181). My chief focus, however, will be the Bhāratamañjarī of Kṣemendra (ca. 11th century), whose handling and retelling of the original Ādiparvan and Harivaṃśa materials may help to attest the impact of the Harivaṃśa on the popular reception and understanding of the epic story itself.

  • Abstract

    This paper focuses on the motif of the Unburdening of the Earth by reviewing five relevant passages structured as a form of *Ringkomposition*: *MBh*. 1.58.3 – 59.6 narrated by Vaiśaṃpāyana, *MBh*. 1.189 narrated by Vyāsa, *MBh*. 2.33.10–20 narrated by Nārada, *MBh*. 11.8.20–38 again narrated by Vyāsa, and *MBh*. 18.5.7–25 again narrated by Vaiśaṃpāyana. Then, those texts are compared with five Greek passages dealing with the same motif: *Iliad* 1.1-5, *Iliad* 2.1-6, *Iliad* 12.3-33, *Odyssey* 8.71-82, and *Cypria* fr. 1. Against more accepted explanations like Folk origin or Indo-European origin, and after dealing with the main methodological problems that such proposal would entail, the paper argues for a Greco-Indian origin (understood as a Greek influence in India) of the motif, along the lines of Wulff Alonso (2008, 2014, 2019a, 2019b, 2020).