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Online Program Book

PLEASE NOTE: We are working on making updates and edits to finalize the program. If you are searching for something and cannot find it, please reach out to annualmeeting@aarweb.org.

The AAR's inaugural Online June Sessions of the Annual Meetings were held on June 25, 26, and 27, 2024. For program questions, please reach out to annualmeeting@aarweb.org.

This is the preliminary program for the 2024 in-person Annual Meeting, hosted with the Society for Biblical Literature in San Diego, CA - November 23-26. Pre-conference workshops and many committee meetings will be held November 22. If you have questions about the program, contact annualmeeting@aarweb.org. All times are listed in local/Pacific Time.

A24-114

Sunday, 9:00 AM - 11:00 AM

Convention Center-11B (Upper Level West)

The panel examines how Buddhist meditation instructors and practitioners interpret, respond to, and manage the potential challenges of meditative practice. The panel adopts an interdisciplinary approach, analyzing the complex nature of meditation from religious, cultural, historical, psychological, and gender perspectives. Six panelists examine meditation-related health concerns experienced by lay and monastic Buddhists in different geographical areas, including Tibet, Nepal, Taiwan, the United States, Burma, and Thailand. Their combined efforts reveal the intricate nature of meditation, highlighting its connections not only to individual experiences but also to larger institutional frameworks. The discussion makes a significant contribution to the exploration of strategies for preventing, alleviating, and effectively managing potential challenges that may arise from meditation practice. By highlighting the limitations of a one-size-fits-all approach in meditation research and practice, it advocates for a more nuanced and culturally sensitive methodology in contemplative studies, Buddhist studies, and religious studies.

  • Meditation as Medicine: Tibetan Buddhist Contemplative Practices for Health and Wellbeing

    Abstract

    By the eleventh century, Tibetan contemplatives devised practices to intentionally dispel obstructions to their health and wellbeing. These new practices were designed to both counteract challenging experiences that emerged during meditation and to enhance meditative performance. Meditators integrated novel and known principles of Buddhist contemplation to remedy psychosomatic and psychosocial disorders. Contemplative remedial interventions for dispelling and methods of enhancement were recorded in Tibetan meditation manuals, compiled in anthologies, and circulated among practitioner communities. This paper gives attention to a suite of practices that were innovated from the eleventh through the fifteenth centuries and recorded in anthologies by the founder of the Drikung Kagyü order, Jigten Gönpo Rinchen Pel (1143-1217) and the Sakya scholar Minyak Drakap Dorjé (d. 1491). Our analysis of select practices will provide an understanding of the generative processes employed in the design of practices for human health and insights about an ethnopsychology of Tibetan contemplative practices.

  • A Clinician’s View from Contemporary Nepal: Interviews with Dr. Pawan Sharma

    Abstract

    Most psychological and clinical research in the United States on “adverse meditation effects” has studied “meditators-in-distress” of European descent who utilize modern(ist) meditation forms. This paper, written from my dual perspective as both religious studies scholar and psychotherapist, offers a counterpoint, drawing on ethnographic interviews with Nepali psychiatrist Pawan Sharma and his treatment of “meditation-related psychosis.” Practicing in what he calls a “meditation culture,” Sharma argues that contemporary clinicians should better account for religio-cultural difference. For example, he doesn’t pathologize Nepalese temple-goers who experience “transient possession” because such episodes are socially normative. But Sharma is also resolutely biomedically-minded asserting that, ultimately, it’s “all about the neurochemicals.” He believes a “core psychopathology” remains consistent among “meditators-in-distress” throughout history across cultures. Nonetheless, Sharma is also open to healing resources typically categorized as “religious.” I conclude by considering Sharma’s vision “that clinicians and religious scholars should work together” to care for meditators-in-distress.

  • Shengyan's Views on Meditation Sickness within the Han Chinese Buddhist Context

    Abstract

    The paper investigates the concepts of “meditation sickness” within Chinese Buddhism, with a focus on lectures delivered by a Taiwanese monk Shengyan (1931-2009). Shengyan's approach to addressing this issue is marked by a rational perspective, contrasting with the mythical beliefs prevalent in Taiwanese religions. He distinguishes between “inner demons” (unwholesome thoughts and incorrect attitudes) and “external demons” (demonic interference) in meditation, emphasizing the importance of cultivating a healthy and confident mind to overcome these challenges. Furthermore, Shengyan highlights the necessity of having qualified teachers and recognized lineages in meditative practices to avoid adverse effects. He advocates for the preservation of the “Han transmission of Chinese Buddhism” by establishing the Dharma Drum Lineage of Chinese Chan, emphasizing standardized training and religious professionalism. This study offers a unique perspective on meditation sickness within the contexts of individual protection and institutional authenticity.

  • Deviation from Proper Chinese Self-Cultivation or Spiritual Practices: Interview with a Contemporary Teacher of Martial Arts, Qigong, and Buddhist Healing

    Abstract

    Cheung Seng Kan is a contemporary Chinese American healer in the New York City area. He is a node of transnational religious healing using acupuncture, qigong, reiki, Buddhist chants, and more. In 2012, he became the center of an immigrant healing community consisting of over three dozen relatives, friends, students, and patients. In contemporary Chinese culture, zouhuorumo or “leaving the path and demons entering,” describes deviation from proper self-cultivation or spiritual practices. It applies to martial arts, qigong, Buddhist and Daoist contexts. I interviewed Cheung on what he has learned and what he teaches to his community regarding zouhuorumo, especially qigong deviation and zen sickness. He elaborates on the various types of deviation, along with their causes and ways to avoid them. I argue that to understand his explanations, we should consider how he interweaves Confucian (filial piety), Buddhist (dukkha), Daoist (effortless action wuwei), and popular Chinese religious (astrology) principles.

  • Healing Meditation and Meditation Sickness: The Strategies of Sayagyi U Ba Khin (1899–1971)

    Abstract

    This paper explores some of the particularities of the meditation-teaching models of the Burmese lay meditation master and first Accountant General of Independent Burma, Sayagyi U Ba Khin (1899–1971). While much scholarship has glossed over his and his students’ charismatic-healing modalities, I argue here that charismatic healing was at the center of U Ba Khin’s teaching practices. Because U Ba Khin’s experimentalist approach to meditation often entailed healing modalities that called for intensive approaches to meditation, he also dealt with many cases in which his students encountered serious difficulties and found themselves in states of unwellness that had to be negotiated in various ways, both medical and meditative. Through an analysis of several anecdotes related by U Ba Khin in his oral discourses, I bring to light a range of meditation challenges—and context-specific solutions to those challenges—encountered by those coming to learn vipassanā from U Ba Khin.

  • Meditation Sickness as Gendered Karmic Consequence: An Analysis of Thai Female Monastic’s Adverse Meditation Experiences

    Abstract

    Institutions of Theravada Buddhism do not socially recognize women as female monks. Nevertheless, women – known as Bhikkhunis – continue to receive ordination and practice, despite this lack of formal recognition. While prior literature on bhikkhunis has focused on the personal narrative and charismatic qualities of the movement’s founder, Venerable Dhammananda, this paper instead focuses on the meditation techniques bhikkhunis apply to not only train toward enlightenment, but also ‘undo’ meditator’s prior meditation techniques that have led to forms of meditation sickness. Through a presentation of the visions some meditators experience at this bhikkhuni temple, accompanied by personal interpretations, I argue for the importance of gendered mentorship in meditation practice to alleviate the negative effects of meditation, a topic that has been generally neglected in Buddhist studies. Implicit to this argument is the prevailing cultural beliefs of female rebirth as a karmic consequence, and how these bhikkhunis’ meditation techniques and explanations reconstitute gender roles in Buddhism.

A24-115

Sunday, 9:00 AM - 11:00 AM

Convention Center-9 (Upper Level West)

This omnibus session invites discussion after each pair of papers. Paper one argues for a reading of “Force of Law” that positions it as both a continued engagement with Levinas’s conceptions of violence – in ways both affirming and critical – and as a corrective to some of Derrida’s own earlier thinking on violence. Paper two takes up Jacques Derrida’s worry that Walter Benjamin’s notion of divine violence too closely mirrors the forms of mythic violence that it is supposed to undo. Paper three asks: What is the relationship between modern finance, the violence of chattel slavery, and the formation of American religious identity? Focusing in on Iiyiyiu histories of land-based activism, paper four suggests that Indigenous appeals to religion that enunciate sustained resistance to the colonial project are acts of resignification and theories of religion in their own right born from a methodology of sustained relationships to place.

  • Derrida, Levinas, and Economic Violence

    Abstract

    In this paper, I argue for a reading of “Force of Law” that positions it as both a continued engagement with Levinas’s conceptions of violence – in ways both affirming and critical – and as a corrective to some of Derrida’s own earlier thinking on violence. To make this case, I first trace Levinas’s views on non-violence as he sketches them in Totality and Infinity and Difficult Freedom and discuss Derrida’s critical response to these formulations and their role in Levinas’s broader ethical scheme. I will then explicate Levinas’ treatment of violence and non-violence in Otherwise Than Being as a response to Derrida’s critique and argue that his justification of the concept of non-violence is ultimately insufficient in the context of his ethical system. In light of this, I argue that it is all the more significant that in “Force of Law”, Derrida will forcefully trouble the notion of a justified violence.  

  • "Affinities with the Worst": Divine Violence, Nature's Teleology, and Benjamin's Relationship to Radical Conservatism

    Abstract

    This paper takes up Jacques Derrida’s worry that Walter Benjamin’s notion of divine violence too closely mirrors the forms of mythic violence that it is supposed to undo. It places Derrida’s concerns in the wider context of Benjamin’s relationship of “intimate enmity” with radical conservative thinkers. The “Critique of Violence” was intended by Benjamin as one part of a larger political project, in which he sought to respond to the variety of forms of vitalist politics popular among both left- and right-wing figures in the early twentieth century. By setting “Critique of Violence” within this wider perspective, the paper underscore two important features of Benjamin’s politics: first, his assumption that emancipatory practices stand in an uncomfortable proximity to that which they seek to overcome and, second, his insistence that the realms of politics and of divine justice are not coextensive, with the result that their relation always remains troubled.

  • Liquid Goods, Sacred Objects: Slavery, Finance, and the Violence of American Religion

    Abstract

    What is the relationship between modern finance, the violence of chattel slavery, and the formation of American religious identity? In this paper, I argue that the process of fashioning African captives into financial assets relied upon an apparatus of cultural and material violence that was fundamentally religious in nature and, in turn, that their status as liquid goods in the U.S. monetary economy positioned slaves as sacred objects in the nation’s religious economy. I thus approach the question of American religion not in terms of a particular tradition but by examining the religious logics structuring American social and political life. I draw on the work of Orlando Patterson and René Girard to read antebellum U.S. banking practices as operations of a broader sacrificial system serving to shore up American religio-political identity by positioning the enslaved as its quintessential victims, a renewable resource nourishing both its religious and financial life.

  • Land as Method: Grounding the Study of Religion

    Abstract

    This paper asks how scholars of religion might approach Land as method. It considers what new insights and questions emerge when community situated theories of religion informed by long standing relationships to particular land bases are permitted entry into the critical study of religion? It attempts to participate in an Indigenous epistemology that labors to listen to the Land on the question of religion and considers what religious studies scholars might learn from the field of Indigenous studies that has long insisted Land and nonhuman beings also generate knowledge. Focusing in on Iiyiyiu histories of land-based activism it suggests that Indigenous appeals to religion that enunciate sustained resistance to the colonial project are acts of resignification and theories of religion in their own right born from a methodology of sustained relationships to place and histories of survivance.

A24-116

Sunday, 9:00 AM - 11:00 AM

Hilton Bayfront-Sapphire L (Fourth Level)

In a world of violent, traumatic, and tragic rituals, objects, and histories, three authors reckon with the ethics of moving forward. On this panel, Molly Farneth, Laura Levitt, and Karen Guth respond to one another's recent books. Each author has analyzed examples of dominating power and its effects in contemporary society. Each has found ways of describing a positive vision for communities responding to the tragedies and violent circumstances in which they are caught up. Drawing on work in feminist theory and religious studies on care, practice, and performance, Farneth, Levitt, and Guth will discuss the vivid examples that sparked their books, the similarities and differences in their disciplinary motives, and their answers to a pressing contemporary question: what will we—and what should we—bring with us from the past to a present in which tragedy, violence, and trauma remain?

A24-137

Sunday, 9:00 AM - 11:00 AM

Hilton Bayfront-Indigo D (Second Level)

This roundtable will discuss Brian Blackmore's new monograph To Hear and to Respond: The Quakers' Groundbreaking Push for Gay Liberation, 1946-1973, which examines the contributions of Quakers, specifically from the liberal tradition of the Religious Society of Friends, to the advancement of lesbian, gay, and bisexual rights in the United States between 1946-1973. Scholars of American sexual politics, sexuality, and Quaker history will situate Blackmore’s interdisciplinary study across their respective disciplines. The conversation among the panelists will prove stimulating not only to historians of gay rights, but to anyone seeking to imagine a relationship of mutual flourishing between religious and LGBT+ communities.

A24-117

Sunday, 9:00 AM - 11:00 AM

Convention Center-28D (Upper Level East)

Followers of the Nyāya school famously held that the existence of God (īśvara) can be established through inference. Their best-known argument is deceptively simple: the world must have an intelligent maker (kartṛ) because it is an effect (kārya), like a pot. This roundtable will focus on Jayanta Bhaṭṭa’s formulation of the argument in the Nyāyamañjarī (āhnika 3; critical edition by Kataoka [2005]); Jayanta offers a relatively early (9th c.) defense of the inference from kāryatva (“being an effect”), written in characteristically lucid prose. The session will bring together several scholars to analyze and debate Jayanta’s argument. The goal of the format is to create a space for lively and rigorous discussion, rather than traditional paper presentations. A handout with the original Sanskrit and an English translation of selections from Jayanta’s text will be provided.

A24-140

Sunday, 9:00 AM - 11:00 AM

Hilton Bayfront-Indigo H (Second Level)

This roundtable features four first monographs that offer new theoretical interventions in Hindu studies. The authors are grouped in pairs to respond to each other's books and to discuss how these new works may be incorporated into their own scholarship and pedagogy. The first pair features literary studies of figures and texts central to any idea of Hinduism: the Upanishadic figure of Yajnavalkya on one hand, and the multitude of regional language tellings of the Mahabharata on the other. The second pair turns to the social and cultural history of Hinduism in the early modern period. One book traces the emergence of the "Hindu" in a northwestern Indian kingdom; the other develops a new approach to the study of south Indian temple murals. Spanning diverse locations from Rajasthan to Tamil Nadu and a variety of methodologies, the panel displays the breadth and diversity of Hindu studies.

A24-118

Sunday, 9:00 AM - 11:00 AM

Convention Center-25A (Upper Level East)

Author Meets Critics: Leah Payne’s God Gave Rock and Roll to You: a History of Contemporary Christian Music (Oxford University Press, 2024). In this panel, critics will engage Payne’s work, which traces the history and trajectory of Contemporary Christian Music (CCM) in America and argues the industry, its artists, and its fans shaped - and continue to shape - conservative, (mostly) white, evangelical Protestantism. For many outside observers, evangelical pop stars, interpretive dancers, puppeteers, mimes, and bodybuilders are silly expressions of kitsch. Yet Payne argues that these cultural products were sources of power, meaning, and political activism. Through the almost billion-dollar industry of Contemporary Christian Music, Baptists, Holiness People, Pentecostals, and Charismatics, who made up a sizable majority of the industry, created the political imaginary of white American evangelicalism. Through CCM’s twenty-first century successor, the so-called worship industry, those Charismatic and Pentecostal political and theological visions have gone global.

A24-119

Sunday, 9:00 AM - 11:00 AM

Convention Center-24B (Upper Level East)

Pretendians, that is, individuals claiming to have Native heritage who in fact have none, are a matter of serious concern. They effectively steal resources from Native American scholars. They may claim to speak for a Native American community when they have authority to do so. They may publicly discuss matters a Native American community may not want to made public. They may violate the sovereignty of Native nations to decide who can claim citizenship in the given nation. So, the issue of Pretendians in the academy deserves open, frank, and serious discussions. This roundtable will start that process. We will engage in a discussion of the issues and propose that the American Academy of Religion develop a statement on the issue of ethnic fraud and develop a policy concerning those who engage in academic dishonesty in making false claims of Native American identity.

A24-138

Sunday, 9:00 AM - 11:00 AM

Hilton Bayfront-Indigo 202B (Second Level)

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  • The Future of Chaplaincy: A Quantitative Exploration

    Abstract

    This paper utilizes quantitative analysis of surveys conducted by the Association of Theological Schools (ATS) to explore the future of chaplaincy. Drawing from responses from 350-400 individuals serving or intending to serve as chaplains in the US and Canada, the study explores career options for chaplains, including multi-vocational roles. It investigates job positions held upon graduation and anticipated in five years, both within and outside congregational settings. Additionally, it assesses the effectiveness of chaplain education and identifies key skills and competencies. The findings provide valuable insights into the preparedness of chaplains for interdisciplinary settings and the outcomes of graduate education in chaplaincy.

  • The Military-Educational Complex: The Fraught Relationship between U.S. Military Chaplaincy and Theological Education

    Abstract

    This paper investigates whether the U.S. Federal agency charged with executing violence on its enemies also does violence to theological education systems. We trace the relationship between the Department of Defense (DoD) and theological education institutions as it develops from World War I to the present. Ted Smith’s work in The End of Theological Education (2023) provides the framework through which we examine how the dynamics of professionalization and individualization converge around military chaplaincy. The DoD requirements for chaplains contributed to the founding of the Association of Theological Schools (ATS) with the mass mobilizations of the World Wars. Moral outrage over Vietnam disrupted this dynamic relationship. In the wake of 9/11 and new wartime needs, the DoD unilaterally revised the requirements for military chaplaincy, which has hastened and exacerbated the forces of individualization in theological education: diminishing residency, reducing credit hour requirements, and changing accreditation obligations.

  • Expanding Chaplain Competencies: Tradition-Aware Chaplaincy

    Abstract

    Expanding Chaplain Competencies: Tradition-Aware Chaplaincy is a project exploring the relationship between beliefs and practices of patients from multiple traditions and the ways participants engage healthcare. The project’s goal is to provide practical guidance equipping Association for Clinical Pastoral Education Certified Educators and Board Certified Chaplains to offer tradition-aware chaplaincy education and chaplaincy.  Interviews with leaders from each tradition and focus groups with members of each tradition provide the data for this qualitative research project. Participants are asked how those in their tradition make meaning, cope, make medical decisions, and navigate spiritual struggle in times of serious illness. Participating traditions include African Methodist Episcopal, Baha’i, Buddhist, Biblical Christian, Hindu, Humanist, Jehovah’s Witness, Muslim, Native American, Orthodox Jewish, and Roman Catholic. Competencies will be developed from the results of qualitative interviews with leaders and focus groups with members from participating traditions.

  • Hindu College Chaplains and Faith Development Frameworks

    Abstract

    This paper examines the relationship between Hindu college chaplains and the students they serve through the lens of three models of faith development: one arising from a study of Muslim-American students (Peek, 2005); a second based largely on research conducted with Christian students (Parks, 2019); and a third that borrows from a Hindu framework (Gosvamin, 2003) that I seek to re-interpret here. Drawing from my doctoral research on Hindu student life in higher education and my lived experience as a Hindu college chaplain, I seek to juxtapose the stories of the Hindu student /chaplain relationship with these three faith development models. I hope to shed light on an under-studied, marginalized, and minoritized religious community within our field, as well as  suggest lessons that might be applicable to our evolving understanding of chaplaincy more generally.

  • Ketamine Integration Chaplaincy: A New Model of Spiritual Care for Patients Receiving Ketamine Treatment

    Abstract

    The psychedelic dissociative ketamine has been recognized as an effective antidepressant for nearly twenty years. However, its effects typically do not last longer than a week without repeated administration. Research suggesting therapeutic interventions may extend patient relief and frequent patient reports of profound spiritual experiences arising during treatment motivated the development of a novel Ketamine Integration Chaplaincy (KIC) program at a Boston teaching hospital in concert with a local divinity school. The KIC program combines one-on-one spiritual care and group sessions for patients with treatment resistant depression aimed at addressing patients’ spiritual care needs and prolong symptom alleviation. In this paper, we present our training and treatment model, including student selection criteria and competencies, interdisciplinary approach, supervision and didactic models, and structure of patient care. The paper reviews preliminary outcomes from the KIC program’s first two years, pathways for program expansion, and emerging spiritual care opportunities within psychedelic assisted therapy.

P24-103

Sunday, 9:00 AM - 11:00 AM

Omni-Grand A (Fourth Floor)

Building upon the work of historians of science, most scholars in the field of science and religion accept that "science" and "religion" are not natural categories. These terms emerged in the modern period and often carry questionable philosophical assumptions. The question, then, is what follows? Should scholars abandon the categories and replace them—and indeed the field of science and religion—with something else? Or can one use the terms “science” and “religion” responsibly without committing the philosophical error of essentialism? Conducting scholarship in science and religion inherently requires generalizations—so can it proceed without categories? Does rejecting these terms not inadvertently reinforce other categories and binaries? Our panel of historians, theologians, and social scientists working in the area of science and religion will address this ongoing debate.

A24-120

Sunday, 9:00 AM - 11:00 AM

Convention Center-1B (Upper Level West)

Our popular Interactive Workshop returns! We offer pairs of brief presentations (10 minutes) designed to stimulate substantive conversation on critical issues in Interreligious and Interfaith Studies and engagement. Our topics this year address: New Directions in the Field, Engaging the Senses, Pedagogies, Applied Contexts, and Interspirtuality.

Presentations unfold simultaneously at separate tables (and repeat), with attendees selecting the conversations in which they would like to participate. Our business meeting immediately follows the workshop.

  • Emerging Scholars in an Emerging Field of Interreligious and Interfaith Studies

    Abstract

    What marks the edges of the field of interreligious and interfaith studies in our current moment? Representatives from the Emerging Scholars initiative of the Association of Interreligious/Interfaith Studies (aiistudies.org) will lead a discussion on current trends in critical theory and interdisciplinary research for this interactive workshop. Brief examples of graduate-level research that will be presented includes affect theory and Christian supremacy in religiously plural contexts; the liberal politics that characterize many common practices developed by interfaith organizations in North America; and the opportunities and challenges of interreligious approaches to environmental projects. The aim of our discussion is to invite other graduate students, junior scholars, and senior scholars into the conversation, working from the idea that the scholarship emerging from different disciplines could help us understand and identify what is on the cutting edge of critical scholarship in the (still) new field of interreligious and interfaith studies. 

  • Interreligious Studies within the Taxonomy of the Study of Religion

    Abstract

    This presentation opens a conversation about the evolving landscape of Interreligious Studies (IRS) within the broader taxonomy of the study of religion by asking about its inter- and multidisciplinary nature. How is IRS related to Religious Studies (RS), theological studies, Jewish studies, Islamic studies, and other fields beyond those represented in the AAR? This paper initiates a critical discussion on the academic classification or home of IRS and its relationship to other fields. By likening IRS to RS as ecology to biology, a thought experiment is opened – one that welcomes rigorous critical feedback – to examine IRS's roles, methods, pitfalls, and interdisciplinary potential. The session invites diverse scholarly insights to workshop IRS's academic positioning and identify gaps in scholarship to further enhance the field's future.

  • Engagement with the Arts as Interreligious/Interfaith Studies Interdisciplinarity: A Close Look

    Abstract

    Interreligious/Interfaith Studies is an academic field that is inherently interdisciplinary. Engagement with the arts is a multifaceted aspect of this interdisciplinarity. This interactive workshop, facilitated by an interreligious-studies scholar/arts-professional, will enable a robust conversation about the interface between Interreligious/Interfaith Studies and academic study of (or engagement with) the arts. It will feature a brief assessment of the state of the engagement, as discernable in recently released arts-themed Interreligious/Interfaith Studies publications. During the ensuing discussion, attendees will consider questions such as the criteria by which particular engagements between religion(s) and art(s) _qualify_ as examples of Interreligious/Interfaith Studies per se; effective methods of critical inquiry into the arts as an Interreligious/Interfaith Studies theme; personal experiences of the interdisciplinarity of religion and the arts; or projects and publications that will further the practice and assessment of engagement of Interreligious/Interfaith Studies with the arts.

  • The Role of Physical Space in Interreligious Dialogue Discourses

    Abstract

    This paper explores the impact of physical spaces on interreligious dialogue by analyzing key works in interreligious studies from the last five years. While cognitive concepts like 'third spaces' and 'sacred space' have garnered significant attention, the actual physical venues of interreligious meetings has received less attention. The paper will investigate how issues of neutrality, inclusivity, and exclusivity manifest in recent literature on meeting spaces. This entails examining each work from an array of perspectives on the topic, including religious perspectives on spaces of other faiths and secular venues, as well as considering intersecting factors such as gender, class, race, and sexuality. Additionally, it explores emerging thoughts on the nature of supposedly neutral spaces. The paper aims to uncover emerging trends and theoretical frameworks while identifying unresolved issues. A brief comparison between theoretical discourse and practical examples will be included to assess the alignment between academic literature and current practices.

  • You Are Here: Practicing a Hermeneutic Process in Interfaith Learning

    Abstract

    Teaching students a hermeneutic process can help them connect what they learn in interreligious and interfaith studies to their lives outside the classroom. The process begins by acknowledging each student’s unique starting point, and then moves through five further steps: first responses to what I’m encountering, self-reflection on those responses, understanding (including listening with empathy and asking with curiosity), reflection on what I’ve learned, and deciding what’s next. Students engage case studies by writing about their first responses and self-reflections on those responses; then, after applying an analytical template and practicing media-literacy skills to research the issues involved, students articulate how and why their minds have changed and how they’d approach a similar case if they encountered it in daily life. The process aims to foster an inclusive environment and help students practice intellectual virtues and metacognition, and students often report using it beyond the course.

  • If interspirituality and multiple religious belonging were centered in Interreligious Studies, what might be different about the field?

    Abstract

    In the Western world, we are witnessing the emergence of hybrid forms of religiosity; individuals who do not identify or belong to one religious tradition but identify with or combine elements from multiple religious traditions. Research has shown that people with a multiple religious belonging comprise as much as 24% of the population in the Netherlands, making it one of the largest religious minorities in the country. The word “belonging” has strong emotional connotations. The occurrence of people with a multiple religious belonging, a hybrid religious practice or a multi-religious identity invites us, scholars of religion, to reimagine religious belonging beyond a common understanding of “belonging to a religion”. The multiplicity of religious beliefs and practices to which individuals connect creates a new framework in which individuals experience a sense of rhizomatic belonging, which is both beyond religious traditions.

  • Centering Our Complex Human Stories: “Way of Life” Studies Liberated from Religious Labeling

    Abstract

    I propose a new framework that might be called “Way of Life Studies” that invites every person to bring their full self and their whole story to the encounter. This approach begins with the recognition that we are all individuals in context. Our understanding of and ways of approaching our lives is indistinguishable from our experiences alone and in communities with others and with the world. We look to the example of queer studies to help us. Religious identities, like gender and sexual identities are social constructs. If we use labels prescriptively to define people into different categories, we inevitably “straighten” them to fit our boxes and limit their flourishing. In contrast, we can invite each of us to describe ourselves, finding language to tell our stories and illuminate our connections with others

    This approach would focus our attention on stories rather than identities, highlighting our experiences as our teachers. We would resist the normative influences of patriarchy and institutional authority and we would also free ourselves to bring our whole selves and hold space for expressing and experiencing transformations in all kinds of interactions. 

     

  • We have an infinite amount of strength to walk: interreligious practice during the 504 Occupation

    Abstract

    This paper will explore the non-violent, interreligious nature of the resistance during the 26-day occupation of the H.E.W. Building in 1977. Since the occupation took place over Easter and Passover, many of the activists celebrated their religious holidays in the building. Many of the organizers, such as Daniel Billups, drew on their own religious practices to lead and sustain the occupation. I will argue that the constraints of the occupation necessitated that these religious practices were interreligious and led to inter-riting among the occupants.

     

    Using archival material from The Healing Community, an interfaith disability rights organization, newspaper articles covering the occupation, and memoirs from key disability activists, I will show that interreligious practice and inter-riting sustained the occupation through non-violent methods. This occupation can expand our notions about where interreligious ritual participation takes place and question the “host and guest” framework of interreligious practices.

  • Interfaith Campus Walking Pilgrimage for Building Interreligious Studies on Campus

    Abstract

    We are creating an Interreligious Walking Pilgrimage on campus and its environs. On this pilgrimage designed by a team of faculty and students, college and community members are invited to engage in a multitude of religious experiences along our trails and walking paths. We are actively creating intermittent stations around campus where participants can scan QR codes that will link to meditations, music, poetry, and art from a variety of religious traditions.

  • Creating a Relational Container for Interreligious and Interfaith Studies

A24-121

Sunday, 9:00 AM - 11:00 AM

Convention Center-6C (Upper Level West)

This panel explores the importance of Platonic and Neoplatonic thought in various thinker’s conceptions of Shīʾite thought and practice. Towards this end, the papers that make up this panel address a number of questions with regard to the nature, scope, audience, and context of Shīʾite Muslim texts who were also reading Platonic and Neoplatonic works that were translated during the Arabic translation movement that occurred in ninth-century Baghdad, Iraq from Greek into Arabic. This panel seeks to show how the translations of the Dialogues of Plato, the ontology of Plotinus, and the theurgical practices of Iamblichus and Proclus became part-and-parcel of Shīʾite mystical thought after the ninth century. The ideas in these original Greek works were also often misattributed and even heavily redacted to conform to the monotheistic worldviews of their Muslim and Christian readers. The papers in the panel examine the use of these translations in the thought of various philosophers and mystics during the Medieval period.

  • Early Esoteric Shīʾite Conceptions of the Macrocosm-Microcosm Paradigm

    Abstract

    From its early inception with the Prophet Muhammad’s cousin and son-in-law, ʿAlī ibn Abī Ṭālib (d. 661), Shīʾism has been seen as an esoteric, mystical sect within the Islamic world. This presentation examines how the Platonic and Hermetic microcosm-macrocosm paradigm is present in three early Shīʾite philosophical works. By using a close reading methodology, I examine how the Book of Foundations, attributed to the fifth Shīʾite Imām, Muḥammad al-Bāqir (d. 732), the thought of the famous alchemist Jābir ibn Ḥayyān (lat. Geber) (d. 816), and the works of the Brethren of Purity (cir. 870 – 950), I prove that Hermeticism was a real and distinct school of Islamic philosophy in their conceptions of the microcosm-macrocosm paradigm. I argue that this ancient Greek philosophical concept played an essential role in Shīʾite Muslims' conception of their relationship to the universe.

  • The Adornment of Nature is Spiritual: Soul World according to Abū Ya‘qūb al-Sijistānī (fl. 972 CE)

    Abstract

    This paper centers one theme in the Ismā‘īlī works of Abū Ya‘qūb al-Sijistānī- Soul World- to pose a question: is it both the allegory and story of individual soul to adorn the natural realm and nature itself with the spiritual (rūhānī)? Engaging in the Neoplatonist and Late Antique philosophical heritages of Sijistānī presents perspectives on Universal Soul in dialogue with Universal Intellect. The doubleness (zawjiyyah) of Intellect and Soul parallels a relationship which exists for all existents in Soul World, between the natural and the spiritual. For the individual human being, God’s creation serves as a dynamic template to obtain and receive pure knowledge (‘ilm-i mahz), and be receptive to spiritual colours (ranghā-ye rūhānī), thereby defining what constitutes Soul World, Soul’s dialogue with Intellect, and the adornment of nature as spiritual, and providing insights into the philosophical terminology Sijistānī's works employ.

  • The Pen and the Tablet as Expressions for Neoplatonic Cosmology in the Works of Sayyid Ḥaydar Āmulī

    Abstract

    Sayyid Ḥaydar Āmulī marks a significant moment in the integration of esoteric Neoplatonism into Shiʿi history. Ḥaydar Āmulī’s era also saw the emergence of lettrism as a major intellectual discourse, at times challenging Sufism and monism, representing itself as a legitimate and independent intellectual paradigm. The surge of lettrism during this period led to a renewed interest in certain quranic terms such as the pen (qalam) and the tablet (lawḥ) as vehicles for conveying lettrist concepts, which were also deeply rooted and invested in Neoplatonic cosmology. This presentation examines how Ḥaydar Āmulī employs these two imageries to shed light on the Neoplatonic process of world creation as an act of divine writing. Furthermore, by juxtaposing Sayyid Ḥaydar’s framework with that of his Sunni counterparts, it is argued that Islamic Neoplatonism offers a valuable perspective to position Shiʿi thought as an integral component of the broader trajectory of Islamic intellectual history.

  • Translating Shiʿite Philosophy: Sanāʾī’s Ḥadīqat- al-ḥaqīqah and its Shiʿite Neoplatonic Foundations

    Abstract

    The paper examines the Shiʿite epistemological and psychological foundations of Sanāʾī’s theory of sanctified authority (walāyah) and highlights the role that Sanāʾī played in bringing Shiʿite Neoplatonic philosophy and Sunni mysticism into dialogue, by means of court-patronized mystical poetry. Despite the significance of many of his works as early specimens of court-patronized mystical poetry, Sanāʾī’s poems have been studied by only a handful of scholars (e.g. J.T.P de Bruijn (1983), Franklin Lewis (1995), Nicolas Boylston (2017), Zahiremami (2021)). In this paper, I will focus on Sanāʾī’s magnum opus Ḥadīqat al-ḥaqīqah wa shari’at al-ṭarīqah (‘The Enclosed Garden of Truth and the Law of the Path’, here after Ḥadīqah). Ḥadīqah was a book of Sufi advice which Sanāʾī originally dedicated to his royal patron, the Ghaznavid ruler Bahrāmshāh (r. 1117–1157). As a result, the book has a strong political dimension and demonstrates Sanāʾī’s systematic way of connecting Islamic, particularly Shiʿite, Neoplatonic psychology and epistemology to his mystical view of walāyah and ideal kingship.

A24-139

Sunday, 9:00 AM - 11:00 AM

Hilton Bayfront-Indigo 204A (Second Level)

This panel explores the intersections of gender, sexuality, violence, migration, and theological-ethical reflections within borderlands and liminal spaces, focusing on Latinx, Chicanx, and Caribbean contexts. Papers analyze the borderlands as a site of cultural gestation and conflict, explore the liminal space at the intersection of queerness, Latinidad, and faith, and examine the potential for queer reimaginings of colonial symbols. Additionally, the panel investigates the complex dynamics of motherhood within a mujerista framework and challenges traditional conceptions of masculinity, advocating for a transformative understanding of male identity within the Borderlands.

  • A Borerlands Imperative: Music, Mestizaje, and US Religious History

    Abstract

    This paper explores the Spanish-American-Mexican Borderlands as a location, a geography but most importantly a lens through which to come to terms with the present. Our failure to take the borderlands seriously undermines the welfare of our society both in terms of what we don’t know and admit about our past, but also in terms of how people are affected by that cultural whitewashing. Rather than a specter of the past, the borderlands continue to be a dynamic space of conflict, collaboration and cultural gestation in the world today. In particular, the North American borderlands have tremendous influence on the culture, religion, and even the epistemology and rhetoric of our era while simultaneously being misrepresented and poorly understood in popular culture and everyday interactions. I will explore this directly though Spanish language (*banda*) music on the radio, and the role it plays in preserving and expressing the borderlands perspective.

  • Del Medio Pa’ Fuera: Liminality, Identity, and Liberation

    Abstract

    The emergence of queer Latinx Faith-based voices in culture, art, and politics raises important questions about how a person can synthesize conflicting identities within oneself and harness the energy from this process to engage in liberatory action. This presentation explores the concept of liminality, which is present at the intersection of queerness, Latinidad, and faith, and how such a space can be the source of hope-filled decolonial liberatory activism. The first part will offer an overview of the intersection, the second part will explore a deep analysis of the dynamics of the liminal space, and the third part will investigate how this process aids liberation. The overall goal of this presentation is to craft an understanding of the internal, spiritual dynamics of queer Latinx Christians to better understand how they have synthesized various apparently conflicting fragments of their identity and harness this power to create a better world.

  • Queering our Lady of Guadalupe

    Abstract

    In the context of Latine ethics and liberation theologies, queering Our Lady of Guadalupe offers a critical and liberative approach to honoring the complexity of culturally Catholic and Queer Mexican lived experiences. Specifically, queering our Lady of Guadalupe creates an anti-oppressive theo-ethical framework grounded in the tenets of Latine ethics and theologies of nepantlalo cotidiano, el acompañamiento, and doing theology en conjunto. Expanding on these theo-ethical cornerstones, queering our Lady of Guadalupe rejects heteronormativity, homophobia, machismo, marianismo, and any social construction of gender or sexuality which functions to exclude and/or oppress those of us identifying within Queer communities or outside of the sexual/gender norm. Living in the unique tension of both the colonized and colonizer identities, I examine how nepantla as an epistemological framework is limited to a specific hybrid existence and does not apply to all Indigenous experiences. Holding this tension, I prioritize queerness as an invitation to liberative reimaginings of colonial symbols for Queer Mexican Catholics. 

  • Women Giving Birth to Themselves: Liminal Motherhood and Liberation in the Work of Ada Maria Isasi-Diaz and Frida Kahlo

    Abstract

    This paper utilizes a mujerista interpretation of Frida Kahlo’s artwork in order to complexify mujerista images of motherhood. The first section is an analysis of the motherhood-related language that Isasi-Diaz uses in her book Mujerista Theology. The second section provides a brief biographical sketch of Frida Kahlo as we explore a set of her paintings referred to as “anti-nativity scenes” and how these anti-nativity scenes contribute to the mujerista project of liberation due to their reimagining of the role of mother, their symbolic naming of the self, and their location in lo cotidiano. The final section explores how placing the work of Frida Kahlo and Isasi-Diaz into conversation can create an expanded and empowering conception of motherhood that addresses the embodied liminality of Latina women. This gives legitimacy to the varied experiences of Latina women, liberating their real, everyday experiences from the category of the unimportant.

  • ¡Qué Cojones!: An Exploration on Man, Borderlands, and Transcending Masculinity.

    Abstract

    This presentation analyzes masculinity within a Latin American-Caribbean colonial context, exposing the enduring impact of historical gender norms on contemporary male identities. Analyzing colonial biases favoring male virility and the cultural legacy of the penis as a symbol of masculine honor, I argue these historical views continue to shape male behavior and expressions in Latin American-Caribbean cultures and contribute to gender violence and sexual abuse. This historical context sets the stage for employing Anzaldúa's Borderlands theoretical approach as a framework for rethinking masculinity and uncovering vulnerability and fragility as sources of male identity. Drawing from personal experience, I advocate for a new understanding of what it means to be a man transcending oppressive structures of colonialism and heteropatriarchy, paving the way for transformative religious practices. I aim to demonstrate how, within the Borderlands, men can transcend traditional conceptions of masculinity to foster unconventional and refreshing experiences with the divine

A24-122

Sunday, 9:00 AM - 11:00 AM

Convention Center-30A (Upper Level East)

Engaging with this year’s conference theme, “Violence, Non-Violence, and the Margin,” this panel interrogates representations of violence and bodily mortification in mystical writing and art. We invite papers that consider what happens when we refuse to separate the injury, pain, and mortification found in mystical texts from the concept or category of violence. While attending to the spiritualization and narrativization of bodily pain, we ask how violence is imagined and described by the art and literature produced in traditions and communities understood as mystical. Furthermore, how do we understand the difference between representations of violence and embodied experiences of violence, especially in mystical texts that blur the line between representation and reality? We also invite papers that consider how violence and nonviolence affect our understanding of the category of mysticism. And how reconfiguring the nature of violence and nonviolence might shift the relationship between the margin and the center.

  • Visualizing Violence in post-1492 Castilian Meditative and Mystical Treatises

    Abstract

    Medieval imaginative meditation on the Passion required devotees to visualize the narrative scenes of Jesus’ tortures and Mary’s grieving response. However, in Passion texts composed in the Castilian vernacular during the first decades of an Inquisition whose primary remit was to police judaizing converts, the authors scripted for their readers meditations centering on violent anger and physical anguish, rather than compassionate sorrow. Castilian Christians extended the medieval anti-Semitic “Christ-killing” accusation to include scenes of malicious violence against not only Jesus but also Mary. This rendering of Jews as violent against women definitively shaped mystical experience in sixteenth century Spain: Juana de la Cruz’ visionary sermons included scenes of Mary beaten and knocked down by her fellow Jews, while the influential mystical teacher Francisco de Osuna recommended a visualization of Mary’s crucifixion to aspiring mystics. Mystical practice was thus not divorced from Castilian anti-Semitism, but rather reinforced it.

  • The Queer Violence of Rebecca Cox Jackson’s Mysticism

    Abstract

    Scholars of mysticism are well-attuned to how mystical texts intersperse descriptions of intense bodily mortification and the ecstasy of divine love.  Queer scholarship exposes how mystical texts transgress conventional gender and heteronormative categories.  Postmodern psychodynamic scholarship insists that even distant medieval texts have something powerful to say today about how abjection and jouissance might intersect in the soul’s union with God.  Against the backdrop of these approaches, this essay investigates one of Christianity’s most cryptic mystical figures: Rebecca Cox Jackson.  A Methodist-raised 19th-century black woman who lived among white Shakers, Jackson fits in no one’s box.  Unlocking the possible meaning of her erotic and violent dreams and visions requires a special hermeneutical lens. This essay offers an intertextual reading of Jackson’s spiritual autobiography Gifts of Power using the writings of the late-20th-century lesbian French feminist thinker, Monique Wittig.

  • Medieval Mystics and Modern Masochists: Explorations of Violence, Eros, and Self

    Abstract

    The question of how to interpret the rhetoric of violence and eroticism—and in particular, masochism—in the words of women medieval mystics has been the center of scholarly analysis for many decades. In my paper, I will briefly review this history then suggest an analysis that need neither dismiss this rhetoric as inherently pathological nor must it ignore or seriously downplay its existence. By taking seriously the interpretations of sexual masochism and its positive attributes as discussed by people who actually practice it today, we can make an argument that yes, medieval women mystics were masochistic and as such, they reflected the very characteristics of body-soul unity, empowerment, healing, and agency that practitioners say are positive results of their experiences. Only then will we be able to start seriously questioning what this masochistic tendency in mystical writing and contemporary sexuality means.

A24-123

Sunday, 9:00 AM - 11:00 AM

Convention Center-24A (Upper Level East)

This roundtable discussion re-examines religion in the mid-twentieth century United States. Histories of this time period have traditionally emphasized a religious boom post-World War II, Cold War anxieties, suburbanization, and “tri-faith” consensus. Our conversation will begin the process of destabilizing these familiar historiographies. Each panelist brings new questions, characters and theoretical frameworks to bear on religion in the mid-twentieth century United States. Topics will include corporate media bureaucracy, Hasidic Jewish migration to the United States, theologies of family planning, disability politics, African decolonization, religion and law, and the Asian American religious left. We seek to add increased depth, detail and variety to histories of religion in the postwar period, while at the same time asking about the extent to which we still live in the Midcentury's world. With a willing and experimental presentism, panelists will think about how postwar formations persist and permutate in the 21st century.

A24-124

Sunday, 9:00 AM - 11:00 AM

Convention Center-25B (Upper Level East)

How does power function in the classroom? How might teachers of religion use pedagogy to reshape traditional classroom power dynamics, creating good learning conditions for all students, including those on the margins? Panelists will explore the effects of their theoretical interests and commitments--such as dedication to an open and relational standpoint or to pragmatism and empiricism--on their pedagogy. They will describe their attempts to reimagine power-sharing in the classroom through creative teaching techniques and alternative grading practices. This session will include time for open discussion with the audience. Attendees are encouraged to bring pedagogical questions to "brainstorm" with the panelists or to share their own examples of transformative pedagogy.

A24-142

Sunday, 9:00 AM - 11:00 AM

Convention Center-26B (Upper Level East)

This panel features papers including diverse approaches to the study of the Qur'an.

  • When God Demands War: The Aesthetics of Violence in the Qurʾān

    Abstract

    My paper explores the aesthetic dimensions of Qurʾānic passages that describe, sanction, or call for violence. Seen as problematic today, such passages are often ignored, explained away, or reduced to their historical contingency. The idea that they bear any aesthetic value seems ineffable, which conflicts, however, with the Islamic tenet of iʿjāz (the Qurʾān’s inimitability) that has mostly been defined in aesthetic terms. Scrutinizing our preconceived notions regarding religion and violence, on the other hand, helps shed new light on these passages. Reading violence-related verses diachronically with an open mind reveals their hermeneutic depth and aesthetic value. A non-teleological approach that embeds those passages in the greater narrative of the emerging Muslim community without presupposing their victory opens new avenues to appreciating them aesthetically and theologically. I argue that violence in the Qurʾān serves a particular aesthetic-ethical purpose, that is, to urge believers to critical self-reflection and God-consciousness.

  • The Interpretation of “It is they who are the successful ones” (al-Baqara 2:5) in al-Zamakhsharī’s al-Kashshāf and the Metacommentary Tradition

    Abstract

    This paper presents an example of al-Zamakhsharī’s interpretation of the use of the definite article in al-Baqara 2:5, “It is they who are the successful ones” (wa ulāʾika hum al-mufliḥūn) to show how communicative ideas from outside the discipline of tafsīr, taken from ʿAbd al-Qāhir al-Jurjānī and the field of rhetoric, came to inflect approaches to the Qurʾān at the granular level. This paper further shows how the intellectual debt of tafsīr to rhetoric can be traced by recourse to the ḥāshiya (metacommentary) tradition on al-Zamakhsharī’s al-Kashshāf and al-Bayḍāwī’s Anwār. Controversies that persisted throughout the post-classical period related to the interpretation of language and this verse, this paper concludes, had less to do with scholasticism and was instead reflective of underlying commitments to a communicative approach to language that had been derived from the field of rhetoric, which had motivated the interpretation of this verse in the first place.

  • Intra-Textual Exegesis: Al-Māturīdī's Commentary on the Anthropomorphic Verses of the Qurʾān

    Abstract

     

    This paper delves into a comparative examination of  Abū Manṣūr al-Māturīdī’s unique approach to Qurʾānic exegesis, highlighting his use of intra-textual analysis to interpret the so called anthropomorphic verses. Unlike his contemporaries, such as al-Tabārī (d. 310/923), whose exegesis relied heavily on philological analysis and Prophetic reports, al-Māturīdī adopts a method that seeks to understand Qurʾānic verses in the context of other verses, thereby offering a more Qurʾān-centric interpretation of verses that have often been subject to whimsical commentary. While celebrating al-Māturīdī's contribution to Qurʾānic hermeneutics, this paper also discusses the limitations of his approach, notably his occasional lack of philological rigor in comparison to the likes of al-Tabarī, al-Zamakhsharī (d. 538/1144) and al-Rāzī (d.543/1149). By exploring these nuances, the paper sheds light on a significant but under-explored method of early Islamic exegesis, offering insights about the potential of the exegetical literature in uncovering the meaning of the Qurʾān. 

  • Towards an Understanding of ‘the Fiṭra': Tracing Significant Shifts in Interpretations of Qur’an 30:30

    Abstract

    This paper focuses on interpretive trends related to the Qur'anic concept of a created human nature or _fiṭra_ (Q 30:30). In particular, I seek to show the complexity of the debates surrounding this concept and the possibiities and limitations of simply delienating a Qur'anic concept of human nature. I will do so by highlighting both internal and temporal trends: working towards an understanding of the Qur'anic _fiṭra_ we encounter the existence of a ranger of interpretations as well as broad consensus _and_ important continuities and discontinues between different periods. 

  • Holier Than Thou; Ambivalent Interpretations of the Qur’anic Moral Mandate for Beauty/Goodness (iḥsān) at Times of Conflict

    Abstract

    In this essay, I analyze exegetical interpretations of the Qur’anic moral mandate of iḥsān (beauty/goodness) at times of conflict and demonstrate how certain interpretive choices can, at times, facilitate an exclusionary discourse that may undermine the moral call of the text. The three works examined are those by Ibn Kathīr (d.1373) which is the most widely circulated Qur’anic exegesis (tafsīr) in the world today, Sayyid Qutb (d.1966) who was an influential leader of political Islam, and Ṭabaṭabāʾī (d. 1981) who is a highly revered Shiʿi exegete, scholar and philosopher. This study is based on a holistic and methodical examination of the concept of iḥsān in the Qur’an and the way in which it is understood in various works of exegesis. The analysis also takes into consideration the possible impact of the historical context on the interpretations. 

A24-125

Sunday, 9:00 AM - 11:00 AM

Convention Center-31B (Upper Level East)

This panel brings together ethnographic studies of consumption and performative practice from diverse geographies and cultural sites. Panelists describe and analyze theologies of Krishnacore punk bands, the eco-sincerity of the Church of Stop Shopping's post-religious activism, the obfuscating effects and rites of self-making among "fair traders," and the ritualization of caste and class in temple veneration. 

  • "I'm no Consumer": The Theology of Consumption in Krishnacore

    Abstract

    Beginning in the early 1990s, a sub-genre of punk rock emerged known popularly as Krishnacore. Bands such as Shelter and 108 toured the country promoting Caitanya Vaiṣṇavism to thousands. Keeping with an established theme in punk rock, Krishnacore bands and fans announced their rejection of the consumerism of mainstream American society. However, they also explained their rejection as coming from a theological tradition rooted in the idea that "Kṛṣṇa owns everything." In lyrics and zines (homemade magazines), it was explained how one must go to the roots of the desires that drive capitalist culture in order to create real social change. In this regard, there was widespread talk of a "spiritual revolution" in which the bands and fans of Krishnacore were only one notable participant. This paper will explore the theology of consumption as expressed in Krishnacore and how it expresses the theological perspective of Caitanya Vaiṣṇavism in novel ways.

  • "The First Job of a Church is to Save Souls": Political Ecology, Performance, and the Ritual Activism of the Church of Stop Shopping

    Abstract

    Since the dawn of the new millennium, the NYC-based but internationally recognized radical performance community, Reverend Billy and the Stop Shopping Church, has occupied, excavated, and politically exploited the discursive space between art activism and religious community in order to advance its sophisticated anti-capitalist critique. Over time, the group has traded in its early parody of the religious character of American capitalism for a mode of “eco-sincerity” and has evolved its anti-consumerism into a broader political ecology. Today, the group centers what they call “Earth Justice” and continue to partner with activist groups and allies around issues of anti-racism, immigration justice, and queer and feminist struggle. Based in six years of in-person and digital fieldwork with the Church of Stop Shopping, this paper analyzes the group’s “post-religious” religious saving of consumer souls, a project that also directly implicates the scholar’s imaginary in a battle for the soul of society.

  • Accounting for Faith: “Fair Trade” Labelling and Marketing the Secular

    Abstract

    Focusing on religious identification and interfaith work, what stories become obfuscated by a “fair trade” label? I base my discussion on ethnographic research with Ten Thousand Villages and one of their supplying artisan group, Bunyaad, in Lahore, Pakistan. I explore some of the overlapping but divergent meanings that fair trade may carry for customers and suppliers, with an eye to the challenges of articulating the religious aspects of projects through the standardized label. While supplier groups like Bunyaad do much more than simply prevent coercion in their production chains, their additional projects become difficult to see under “fair trade,” which emphasizes a libertarian perspective on labor economics. From consumer perspective, the label promises ethically neutral transactions, free from exploitation, rather than the ethically good transactions promoted within more insider fair trade communities. Moreover, while more expansive notions of additional good are constrained, religion is entirely excluded by the framing.

  • Disenchantment and Re-enchantment: Naturalizing Caste; Sacralizing Class

    Abstract

    This paper draws upon temple-based ritual veneration of Shani, a Hindu planetary deity traditionally associated with misfortune. I argue that Shani temple ritual, while appearing to conform to the abundance-based economy of Hindu temple ritual, actually enacts a ritualization of the neoliberal market manipulations known as hedges. I show that these rituals, while couched in the language of devotional religion, are predicated on commodification, such that the exchange between devotee and the divine becomes a transaction that ensures prosperity. I suggest that the outward-directed flow of Shani temple rituals and his new association with a class of objects understood to ward off the evil eye consequently collapses boundaries between the sacred and the secular such that rituals performed in the temple sacralize class and conceal, but sustain, logics of caste hierarchy. As such, this new temple-focused veneration of Shani raises questions about Weber’s assertions about rationalization and secularization.

A24-126

Sunday, 9:00 AM - 11:00 AM

Convention Center-28B (Upper Level East)

Science fiction is often used in the classroom as an accessible form of popular culture that can offer examples that resonate with students. In this roundtable session, however, panelists argue that science fiction’s pedagogical value for teaching religious studies and ethics goes much deeper than this. By its very nature, science fiction demands we imagine worlds outside of our own, and in so doing helps us to question what we have taken for granted about human society. During this roundtable, eight scholars of religion will discuss their experience designing and teaching courses that explicitly use science fiction to reflect, form, and challenge students’ moral imaginations and the religious sensibilities of the cultures that produce them.

A24-127

Sunday, 9:00 AM - 11:00 AM

Convention Center-30E (Upper Level East)

2024 marks the 50th anniversary of the first ordination of women to the priesthood in The Episcopal Church (USA), an opportune time for a panel devoted to Agnes Maude Royden: one of the most famous and influential women in the English-speaking world in the first half of the twentieth century. A leader in the suffrage movement, she became the first woman to hold a full-time preaching position in England and the first woman to preach from John Calvin’s pulpit. During W.W.I Royden was an outspoken pacifist. A lifelong Anglican, Royden worked tirelessly for the ordination of women. The panel’s papers explore significant aspects of Royden’s life and work that have received little attention: her travels to, sermons, and publications about Palestine and India, ways she incorporated psychology into her writings about sex, and Royden’s various contributions to and innovations in worship and missions that foreshadow recent trends.

  • Peace-Making and The Problem of Palestine: Maude Royden as Public Theologian

    Abstract

    Growing international tensions in the late 1930s tested Maude Royden’s deep pacifist convictions.   Concerned about Nazi Germany’s expansion, Royden also focused on Palestine. She toured the region in spring 1938 to witness members of her Peace Army offering welfare support to both Arabs and Jews. Public talks and written statements followed, including a book titled The Problem of Palestine, published in the spring of 1939.  A recognized public theologian, Royden’s calls for peace in the region reflected her vision for interfaith understanding and reconciliation. She argued that a Jewish state, while necessary, should not be built at the expense of the Arabs, and the British government should put aside imperial concerns and meet the needs of all inhabitants of the region. In 1946, when invited to testify to the Anglo-American commission (on Palestine), she warned that the establishment of a Jewish state in Palestine would bring more conflict.    

  • Freud, Christianity, and Desire: Maude Royden’s Modernist Sexual Theology

    Abstract

    Maude Royden was one of the best-known woman preachers in early-twentieth-century Britain; from 1917 she preached at the Nonconformist City Temple in London, famous for its liberal theology. Royden’s popular books and articles advocated a distinctively “modern” Christian sexual ethic and in successive editions of her best-selling Sex and Common-Sense (first published in 1921 and revised and reissued in 1947) we can trace the complex dialogue between Royden’s modernist theology and new psychological and psychoanalytic approaches to sex. By 1947, Royden was far from orthodox in her Christianity: she portrayed St. Paul as suffering from a “sex complex” and argued that Freud, like Christ (now dubbed “the greatest psychologist in history”), had played a key role in freeing humanity from the bondage of sin. In Royden’s account, Christianity and psychoanalysis converged to underwrite new justifications for chastity and heterosexual monogamy which would, she argued, work together to renew western civilization.

  • Agnes Maude Royden - Not Just Another ‘White’ Woman

    Abstract

    This paper address Royden’s travels to, interactions with, and publications about colonized India, all intriguing facets of her legacy. Widely recognized for her leadership in the Suffragist movement, as a preacher, and pacifist, her engagement with India remains a relatively obscure aspect of her life. Royden's 1934-1935 visit to India was a pivotal juncture, providing her with firsthand exposure to the resilience and fortitude of Indian women. In her writings, Royden eloquently articulates her encounters with individuals from colonized India, transcending the confines of colonial language and embracing a discourse rooted in mutual respect and genuine affection. Her narrative challenges the traditional dichotomy of colonizer and colonized, emphasizing the intrinsic humanity and dignity shared by individuals irrespective of their colonial affiliations. Her recognition of India's pivotal contributions during critical junctures, such as W.W. II, serves as a testament to the depth of India's significance beyond the confines of colonial subjugation.

  • Maude Royden and Missional Theology: The Guildhouse as a Feminist “Fresh Expression”

    Abstract

    In 2004, the Church of England published Mission-shaped Church: Church Planting and Fresh Expressions of Church in a Changing Context. This report both summarized and influenced the growth of innovative or “fresh” expressions of worship based on missional theology. These expressions and their theology were presaged by the Guildhouse, an experimental religious community co-led by Maude Royden in London in the 1920s and 30s. Like the millennial Fresh Expressions movement, the Guildhouse conceived of mission not as the imperialist saving of souls but as cooperating with others in God’s on-going restoration of the world through justice and peace: “mission at home.” These others included Mahatma Gandhi and Albert Schweitzer, who both lectured and preached at the Guildhouse. The Guildhouse also anticipated Fresh Expressions in its experimental liturgies and cell groups. This paper explores the Guildhouse’s liturgical and spiritual practices as expressions of Royden’s missional theology and a feminist church renewal.